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INTRODUCTION. 
CLASS XXIII. POLYGAMIA. 
» Stamens 1 -3. 
-♦-Flowers glumaceous. Fruit a caryopsis (grain). 
Gramineje. Nos. 45 - 47, 53 - 59. 
-«--»-FJowers with a calyx, or naked. 
Fraxinus. Fruit a 1 — 2-seeded samara. Leaves pinnate. 
Empetrace.*. Fruit a 3-9-celled drupe. Leaves Heath-like. 
Callitriche. Fruit nut-like, 4-lobed, 4-celled, 4-seeded. 
* * Stamens 3-8. 
-♦-Fruit 1-celled, 1-seeded. 
++ Petals none. 
Chenopodiace^:. Calyx herbaceous, inclosing the achenium. 
Iresine. Calyx scarious, inclosing the utricle. 
Ulmus. Samara rounded, broadly winged. Calyx 4 - 9-cleft. 
Celtis. Drupe free from the 5-6-parted calyx. Styles 2. 
Nyssa. Drupe coherent with the calyx-tube. Style 1. 
++ ++ Petals 5. 
Rhus. Fruit drupe-like, rather dry, free. Styles 3. 
■*—*-Pod 1-celled, many-seeded (a legume). 
Gleditschia. Sepals, petals, and stamens 3-5. 
Berry or drupe 2-8-celled, free or nearly so. 
Vitjs. Berry 2-celled, 4-seeded. Stamens 4 - 5 , opposite the petals. 
Rhamnus. Drupe 3—4-celled, 3 — 4-seeded. Stam. opposite the petals. 
AquiFOLiACEiE. Drupe 4-6-celled. Stam. alternate with the petals. 
Diospyros. Berry 4-8-celled, 4-8-seeded. Stamens 8 and 16. 
-*--*--*—^Drupe 2-3-celIed, crowned with the obsolete limb of the ca 
Panax. Stamens 5, epigynous. Flowers umbelled. 
■*— 1 —'--♦--'-Pod a 2-celled or double samara, free. 
Ptelea. Samara winged all round, orbicular, 2-celled. 
Acer. Samaras 2, partly united, winged on the back, separating. 
H —*—«—*—>--*-Pod 3-lobed, 3-horned, septicidal. 
MelanthacEjE. Stamens and spreading divisions of the perianth 6. 
* * * Stamens 9 in the sterile, 3 —6 in the fertile flowers. 
Udora. Ovary 1-celled, with 3 parietal placentae. Flowers axillary. 
CLASS XXIV. CRYPTOGAMIA. 
Order E^uisetaceak. ( Horsetails.) 
Order Filices. (Ferns.) 
Order LYCOPODiACEiE. (Club-Mosses.) 
Order Hydropterides. 
Order Musci. (Mosses.) 
Order Hepaticeae. (Liverworts.) 
Order Lichenes. (Lichens.) 
Order Al qje. ( Sea - Weeds.) 
Order Fungi. (Mushrooms,^.) 
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