16 RANUNCULACEJE. (CROWFOOT FAMILY.) 
May, later than No. 1, and generally a larger plant. Berries some* 
times tipped with purple. — From Mr. Oakes we have a variety with 
quite slender fructiferous pedicels. On the other hand, we learn that 
Or. Knieskern has found in W. New York a red-fruited plant with 
thick pedicels; so that the most obvious characteristics of the two 
species are not entirely constant. 
19. CIMICIFUGA, L. Bugbane. 
Sepals 4 or 5, falling off soon after the flower expands. Petals, 
or rather transformed stamens, 1-8, small, on claws, 2-horned at 
the apex. Stamens as in Actaea. Pistils 1-8, forming dry pods 
in fruit. — Perennials, with 2 — 3-ternately divided leaves, the 
leaflets cut-serrate, and white fetid flowers in elongated wand¬ 
like racemes. (Name from cimex , a bug, and fugo, to drive 
away ; the Siberian species being used as a bugbane.) 
§ 1. Macrotys, Raf. — Pistil 1, or sometimes 2 : seeds smooth, 
tened and packed horizontally in the pod in two rows , as in Actffa: 
stigma fiat. 
1. C. racemosa, Ell. (Black Snake-root.) Racemes very 
long; pods ovoid, sessile. — Rich woods, Maine and Vermont to 
Michigan. July.—-Plant 3?-8° high, from a thick knotted root- 
stock : the racemes in fruit becoming 1° —2° long. Stamens ' er y 
numerous, white. 
§ 2. Cimicifoga, L. — Pistils 3 - 8: seeds flattened laterally, covered 
with chaffy scales , and occupying one row in the membranai unu 
pods: stigma pointed. 
2. C. Americana, Michx. (American Bugbane.) P a 
cemes slender, panicled; pods mostly 5, stalked, flattened, veiny, 
6- 8-seeded. — High mountains of Pennsylvania and souths ar 
Aug — Plant 2°-3P high, more slender than No. 1; the flowers also 
smaller. 
Adonis autumnAlis, L., the Pheasants’ Eye of Europe, has been 
found growing spontaneously in Western New York. 
Nigella Damascena, L., the Fennel-flower, which offers 
remarkable exception, in having the pistils partly united into at 0111 
pound ovary, so as to form a several-celled pod, grows nearly spont 2 
neously around gardens. 
P-*5nia, the PiEONY, of which some species are familiar in garden-, 
forms a sixth tribe of this order, distinguished by a leafy persi&ten 
calyx, and an hypogynous fleshy disk surrounding the base of the 1 ° 
licular pistils. 
