RHAMNACEiE. (BUCKTHORN FAMILY.) 85 
rated for hedges. May. — A tall shrub, with gray branches and 
thorny branchlets. Fruit black. 
2. R. alnifolius, LTIer. (Alder-leaved Buckthorn.) 
Leaves oval, pointed, serrate; petals usually wanting; stamens 5; 
seeds 3. — Swarnps, Maine to Michigan northward. June._A 
spreading shrub, 2°- 3° high. 
2. CEANdTHUS, L. New Jersey Tea. 
Calyx 5-lobed, the lower part cohering with the ovary, the up- 
per separating across in fruit. Petals hood-form, on slender 
claws. Filaments elongated. Fruit 3-lobed, dry and splitting 
into its 3 carpels when ripe. — Shrubby plants; the flowers in 
little umbel-like clusters, which are crowded in dense panicles or 
corymbs at the summit of naked flower-branches : calyx and pedi¬ 
cels colored like the petals. (A name of Theophrastus, of un¬ 
known meaning, applied to some very different plant.) 
L C. A meric films, L. (New Jersey Tea.) Leaves ovale 
or oblong-ovate, 3-ribbed, serrate, downy beneath, often heart-shaped 
at the base; common peduncles elongated. — Dry woodlands. July. 
An undershrub, 1°- 3P high from a dark red root, varying greatly ; 
branches downy. Flowers in pretty white clusters. — The leaves 
were used as a substitute for tea during the American Revolution. 
2. C. ovalis, Bigelow. Leaves narrowly oval or elliptical- 
lanceolate, finely glandular-serrate, glabrous or nearly so, as well as 
the short common peduncles. — Dry rocks, W. Vermont to Michigan 
northward. May. — A handsome low shrub, with the white flowers 
larger than in No 1, more corymbed, and narrower smooth leaves, 
mostly acute at both ends. 
Order 35. \ITACEiE. (Vine Family.) 
Shrubs climbing by tendrils , with small regular Jlowers , 
a minute truncated calyx , and the stamens as many as the 
vale ate petals and opposite them ! Berry 2-celled , 4-seeded. 
Petals 4-5, very deciduous, inserted with the stamens on 
the outside of the fleshy disk which fills the cup of the al¬ 
most obsolete calyx. Pistil with a short style or none, and 
a slightly 2-lobed stigma: ovary 2-celled, with 2 erect ana- 
tropous ovules from the base of each. Seeds bony, with a 
minute embryo at the base of the hard albumen. — Leaves 
palmately veined or compound : tendrils and flower-clusters 
8 
