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C0RNACE2E. (DOGWOOD FAMILY.) 
1. P. quinquefoliilili, L. (Ginseng.) Root spindle-shaped , 
often forked ; leaflets 5, or 7, long-stalked , obovate-oblong, pointed, 
the lateral ones smaller; peduncle as long as the leaf-stalks; styles 
2 ; fruit flattened, crimson. — Rich woods, and mountain-sides, not 
common. July. 
2. P. trifolilim, L. (Dwarf Ginseng. Ground-nut.) Root 
globular; leaflets 3-5, lanceolate-oblong, not stalked; peduncle as 
long as the leaves; styles 3; fruit yellowish. — Moist woods, com¬ 
mon northward. — Stem 4'-8'high: the tuber deep in the ground, 
pungent to the taste, but not aromatic like the Ginseng. 
Order 51. CORNACEiE. (Dogwood Family.) 
Shrubs , low trees , or rarely herbaceous , with simple most¬ 
ly opposite and entire leaves: the calyx coherent with the 
ovary , which bears upon the margin of the disk which 
crowns its summit the 4 petals (valvate in the bud) and 4 
stamens . — Style single, slender : stigma capitate : ovary 
2 -celled with a single anatropous ovule suspended from 
the apex of each cell. Fruit a globose 2-celled and 
2 -seeded drupe. Embryo nearly the length of the fleshy 
albumen. 
1. CORNPS, Tourn. Dogwood. Cornel. 
Calyx minutely 4 -toothed. Petals oblong, spreading. Fila¬ 
ments slender. Drupes berry-like, separate. —Flowers white or 
whitish. Bark bitter and tonic. (Name from cornu , a horn, on 
account of the hardness of the wood, or, perhaps, of the stone of 
the fruit.) 
* Flowers in open cymes: involucre none: fruit globose: shrubs . 
1. C. alternifolia, L. (Alternate-leaved Cornel.) 
Branches greenish streaked with white , alternate ; leaves crowded and 
somewhat alternate , oval, long-pointed, acute at the base, whitish 
and minutely pubescent underneath ; fruit deep blue. — Hill-sides in 
copses. May, June. —Shrub 8P-20 0 high, tree-like, generally throw¬ 
ing its branches to one side in a flattish top, and with broad, very 
open cymes. Differs from all the rest in the somewhat alternate 
leaves. 
2. C. circinata, L’Her. (Round-leaved Cornel.) Branch¬ 
es greenish , warty-dotted; leaves round-oval , abruptly pointed , woolly 
underneath; cymes flat; fruit light blue. — Copses. June. Shrub 
