176 
RUB1ACEJE. (MADDER FAMILY.) 
ovary, or in one group free ; the stamens as many as the 
lobes of the regular corolla (3-5), and inserted on its 
tube. — Fruit various. Seeds anatropous or amphitropous, 
with copious hard albumen. 
Synopsis. 
Suborder I. STELLAT.E. The True Madder Family. 
Leaves whorled, with no apparent stipules. Ovary entirely cohe¬ 
rent with the calyx-tube. Calyx valvate in the bud. — Herbs or 
scarcely woody plants. 
1. Galium. Corolla wheel-shaped, 4- (or rarely 3-) parted. Fruit 
twin, 2-seeded. 
Suborder II. CINCHONE.E. The Cinchona Family. 
Leaves opposite, with stipules between them. Ovary coherent 
with the calyx-tube, or the apex rarely free. 
2. Diodia. Corolla funnel-form. Fruit dry, twin, 2-seeded. 
3. Cephalanthus. Corolla tubular. Fruit dry. Flowers capitate. 
4. Mitchella. Flowers twin. Fruit a double berry. 
5. Hedyotis. Corolla various. Fruit a 2-celled many-seeded pod, 
the upper part often free from the calyx. 
Suborder III. LOGANIEiE. 
Lea\es opposite, with stipules between them, united with the peti- 
o es. Ovary free from the calyx. Corolla not convolute in the bud. 
6. Spigelia. Corolla tubular-funnel-form. Pod twin, few-seeded. 
Suborder I. STELLATjE. The True Madder Family. 
!• L. Bedstraw. Cleavers. 
Calyx-teeth obsolete. Corolla 4-parted, rarely 3-parted, wheel- 
shaped. Stamens 4, rarely 3, short. Styles 2. Fruit dry, or a 
ittle fleshy, globular, twin, separating when ripe into the 2 seed- 
cvm lnd *: hlSCent ’ ^^ded carpels. — Slender herbs, with small 
oftpr^ 6 ° Uers ’ S( l llare steins, and whorled leaves: the roots 
which lnui £ a re d coloring matter. (Name from yaXa, milk, 
which some species are used to curdle.) 
1 a t j ** ® In a *>horl: pcdunr.lfs feir-fiorrrrcd. 
and recW L -, ( Cl “’»s. Goose-Grass.) Stem weak 
*’ lst le-pnckly backwards, hairy at the joints; leaves 
