179 
RUBIACEJE. (MADDER FAMILY.) 
stipules. — Sandy fields, New Jersey and southward. Aug. —An 
inconspicuous plant, 4 r -12' high. 
3. CEPHALANXHUS, L. Button-bush. 
Calyx-tube inversely pyramidal, the limb 4-toothed. Corolla 
tubular, 4-toothed. Style thread-form, much protruded. Stigma 
capitate. Fruit dry and hard, inversely pyramidal, 2-4-celled, 
separating from the base upward into 2-4 closed I-seeded por¬ 
tions. — Shrubs, with the flowers densely aggregated in spherical 
peduncled heads. Flowers white. (Name composed of 
a head , and avdos , a flower.) 
1. C. occidentalism L. Mostly smooth; leaves petioled, 
ovate-oblong, pointed, opposite or whorled in threes, with short inter¬ 
vening stipules. —Wet places, forming thickets along streams and 
ponds, 4° -10° high. July - Aug. 
4. MITCHELLA, L. Partridge-berry. 
Flowers in pairs, with their ovaries united. Calyx 4-toothed. 
Corolla funnel-form, 4-lobed ; the lobes spreading, densely beard¬ 
ed inside. Stamens 4. Style slender : stigmas 4. Fruit a dry 
berry-like double drupe, crowned with the calyx-teeth of the two 
flowers, each containing 4 small and seed-like bony nutlets. 
Smooth and trailing evergreen herbs, with round-ovate petioled 
leaves, minute stipules, white fragrant flowers often tinged with 
rose-color, and bright scarlet edible (but nearly tasteless) dry ber¬ 
ries, which remain over winter. Parts of the flower occasionally 
in threes, fives, or sixes. (This very pretty plant commemorates 
Dr. John Mitchell , an early correspondent of Linnaeus, and an ex¬ 
cellent botanist, who resided in Virginia.) 
1. M. repeilS, L. Leaves often slightly heart-shaped, dark 
green and shining, usually variegated with whitish lines ; peduncles 
2-flowered. — Dry woods, creeping about the foot of trees. June, 
July. — Some plants bear flowers with exserted stamens and included 
styles ; others, conversely, those with included stamens and exserted 
style. Torrey. 
5. IIEDYOTIS, L. Dwarf Pink. Bujets. 
Calyx 4-lobed, persistent. Corolla funnel-form, salver-form, or 
wheel-shaped, the limb 4-parted, Stamens 4. Stigmas 2. Pod 
often free at the top and rising above the calyx, 2-celled, many 
