186 
COMPOSITE. (COMPOSITE FAMILY.) 
Pappus of hard scales or chaffy bristles. 
3. Sclerolepis. Head many-flowered, solitary. Pappus of 5 
short and obtuse scales. Leaves whorled. 
2. Elephantopus. Heads 3-5-flowered, aggregated in dense clus¬ 
ters. Pappus of few rigid bristles which are dilated at the 
base. Leaves alternate. 
Flowers of two sorts in the same head. 
Pappus of rigid bristles. Receptacle clothed with bristles. Corolla 
in all the flowers 5-cleft. 
54. Cnicus. Involucre imbricated, prickly. Marginal flowers slen¬ 
der, sterile. Pappus of 10 long and 10 shorter bristles, and 
10 very short teeth. 
53. Centaorea. Involucre imbricated, the scales fringed or appen- 
daged. Marginal flowers much larger, sterile. Pappus of 
stiff, often short bristles. 
♦+++Pappus of five capillary bristles. Corolla of the outer (pistillate) 
flowers filiform, 2—3-toothed or truncate; of the central 4 —5-lobed. 
= Involucre not dry and scarious: receptacle naked. 
40. Erkchthites. Scales of the involucre in a single row, greenish. 
Pappus bright white, very soft. 
22. Plichea. Scales of the involucre imbricated, purplish. 
= = Involucre of scarious, dry, and thin scales. Woolly herbs. 
46. Gnaphalium. Receptacle flat, naked. Pappus scanty in all the 
flowers. 
48. Filago. Receptacle columnar, with a chaffy scale like those of 
the involucre subtending each fertile flower: the central 
flowers only with pappus. 
.. Pappus none, or minute : exterior flowers pistillate. 
44. Ianacetum. Pappus a minute crown or cup. Achenia angled. 
Exterior flowers 3-toothed. Involucre imbricated. 
4o. Artemisia. Pappus none. Achenia obovoid. Exterior flowers 
3-toothed. Involucre imbricated. Receptacle naked. 
> A. appus none, bcales of the involucre in one row, often 
united. Receptacle with slender chaff. Corolla of the fer¬ 
tile flowers very small. 
11. Ade.nocaulon. Pappus none. Scales of the involucre in one 
row. Receptacle naked. Corolla of the pistillate and stam- 
rnate flowers (each 4-5) both alike, 4 - 5-lobed. 
Fl ° wers of two kinds, occupying different heads: corolla of the 
fertile flowers yery slender or none. 
n\o ucres, &c., of the fertile and sterile heads nearly alike, and 
47 . both many-flowered. 
TE " NARIA * Pappus of slender bristles, club-shaped in the ster¬ 
ile flowers. Involucre dry and scarious. 
