188 
COMPOSITE. (COMPOSITE FAMILY.) 
«•- Pappus of short stout bristles, awns, or scales, or none. Recep¬ 
tacle naked. 
17. Boltonia. Achenia flat, margined, tipped with a tuft of small 
bristles and 2-3 stouter awl-shaped ones. Rays white or 
purplish. 
43. Leucanthemum. Achenia terete, ribbed. Pappus mostly none. 
Rays white. Receptacle flat. 
39. Helenium. Achenia inversely pyramidal. Pappus of 5-8 thin 
scales. Rays yellow. Receptacle globular. 
Pappus of few scales, teeth, or awns, or cup-shaped, or none. 
Receptacle chaffy. 
++Ray-flowers fertile; those of the disk all sterile. 
25. Polymnia. Achenia obovoid, turgid, wingless: pappus none. 
26. Silphium. Achenia flat, wing-margined, notched or 2-toothed at 
the summit. 
Ray-flowers sterile (neutral), those of the disk fertile. 
= Receptacle conical or columnar. 
40. Maruta. Achenia obovoid, ribbed. Pappus none. Receptacle 
chaffy only at the top. Rays white. 
31. Echinacea. Achenia 4-angled. Pappus a cup-like border. Chaff 
with a projecting cartilaginous apex. Rays purple. 
32. Rudbeckia. Achenia 4-angled. Pappus a minute border. 
Chaff concave. Rays yellow. 
33. Lepachys. Achenia flattened laterally, margined, obscurely 
1 - 2-toothed at the apex. Pappus none. Chaff truncate. 
= = Receptacle flat or convex. 
34. Helianthus. Achenia lenticular, flattened laterally, wingless. 
Pappus °f* 2 deciduous awl-shaped chaffy scales. 
3o. Actinomeris. Achenia much flattened laterally, winged. Pap¬ 
pus of 2 persistent awns. 
36. Coreopsis. Achenia flattened parallel with the scales of the 
(double) involucre. Pappus of 2 teeth, scales, or awns which 
are not barbed backward. 
37. Bidens. Achenia flattened parallel with the scales of the (dou¬ 
ble) involucre, or beaked, tipped with 2 — 6 persistent back- 
wardly barbed awns. 
♦***■«■ Ray and disk-flowers both fertile. 
38. Verbesina. Achenia much flattened laterally, tipped with a pap¬ 
pus of 2 awns. 
30. Heliopsis. Achenia 4-angular. Pappus none. Receptacle con¬ 
ical. Leaves opposite. 
*.4. Eclipta. Achenia 2-4-sided. Pappus an obscure crown. R e * 
ceptacle flat. Leaves opposite. 
41. Anthemis. Achenia nearly terete. Pappus almost none. Re¬ 
ceptacle conical. Rays many. 
