198 
COMPOSITE. (COMPOSITE FAMILY.) 
naked petioles; rays 6-9.— Copses, common. July-Aug. — Plant 
l°-2° high, with smaller heads, looser corymbs, rounder and less 
rigid exterior involucral scales, and thinner (not rough, but sometime? 
pubescent) leaves, than the next. 
2. A. macrophyllas, L. (Large-leaved Aster.) Stem 
stout; leaves thic/cisk, roughs closely serrate , somewhat pointed; the 
lower heart-shaped (4'-10' long and 3'wide), long-petioled ; the 
upper ovate or oblong, sessile or on margined petioles; heads in am¬ 
ple rigid corymbs; rays 12-25 (white or bluish). — Copses, com¬ 
mon. Aug.-Sept. — Stem 2°-3 3 high, rigid ; the branches rough- 
downy above. Involucre broad ; the outer scales rigid, oblong or 
ovate-oblong, the innermost much larger and thinner. 
§2. Calliastrum, Torr. & Gr. — Scales of the involucre imbricated 
in several rows , coriaceous , with herbaceous spreading tips: rays 12— 
30, violet: achenia narrow ( smoothish ) : pappus of rigid bristles of 
unequal thickness: stem-leaves all sessile ; lower ones not heart-shap¬ 
ed : heads few , large and showy. (Allied to § 1, and to Serico- 
carpus.) 
3. A. RsUlula, Ait. (Rough-leaved Aster.) Stem corym¬ 
bose at the summit, smooth ; leaves oblong-la nceolatc, pointed , sharply 
serrate in the middle , very rough both sides and rugose-veined , closely 
sessile, scales of the bell-shaped involucre oblong , oppressed , with very 
short and slightly spreading herbaceous tips; achenia smooth, linear- 
oblong. Bogs and low grounds, Maine to Penn., rare. Aug.— 
Stems l°-3° high, many-leaved : the leaves 2' - 3' long, nearly equal 
throughout. Rays light violet-purple. Involucre nearly smooth, ex¬ 
cept the ciliate margins. 
4. A. gracilis, Nutt. (Low Showy Aster.) Stems several 
} creeping suckers and offsets from the same root, low, slightly pu- 
escent; leaves roughish, obscurely toothed, spatulate or narrowly ob- 
Ottif, contracted at the base, slightly clasping ; heads (small) corynib- 
ct , involucre inversely conical , the whitish and coriaceous scales with 
short and blunt herbaceous tips , the outer successively shorter; achenia 
o ong wedge-form, minutely hairy. — Sandy pine barrens, N. Jersey. 
ept. Scarcely a foot high, smaller in all its parts than the next, 
with narrow involucres very like those of Sericocarpus conyzoides. 
Kays about 12, bright violet. 
* Ait. (Showy Aster.) Stems minutely 
roug and glandular-pubescent at the summit; leaves oblong-lanceo- 
atc, roughish , obscurely toothed , tapering to the base; scales of the short 
an near y bell-shaped involucre almost equal , linear-oblong , with con- 
"picuoru spatulate glandular-downy tips; achenia slightly pubescent. 
^anrj soi , ^ assachusetts to New Jersey, near the coast. Sept.- 
V° V * , , ant ^ high, perhaps the handsomest of the genus, 
hough the heads are few. The rays, about 20, are narrowly lanceo¬ 
late, nearly V long, very deep violet-blue. 
