208 ^compositje. (composite family.) 
ical or hemispherical, naked. Achenia flat, obovate or inversely 
heart-shaped, margined with a callous wing, or in the ray 3- 
winged, crowned with a pappus of several minute bristles and 
frequently with 2-4 longer awns. — Perennial and bushy- 
branched smooth herbs, pale green, with the aspect of Aster r 
the thickish leaves often turned edgewise, chiefly entire. Heads 
loosely corymbose or panicled, rather small. Rays white or 
purplish. (Dedicated to I. Bolton , an English botanist of the 
last century.) 
1. IS. asteroldes, L’Her. Leaves lanceolate; achenia broad¬ 
ly oval; pappus of few minute bristles and no awns. — Moist places 
along streams, Pennsylvania ( Bartram) and southward.— Plant 
39-6° high. 
2. B. glastifolia, L’Her. Leaves lanceolate; achenia obo- 
yate, broadly winged ; pappus of several short bristles and especially 
in the disk, and 2 or 3 more or less prolonged awns. — Rich moist soil, 
Pennsylvania, Ohio, and southward. Sept. — Resembles the last, 
except the pappus, and is much more common. 
18. SOLIDAGO, L. Golden-rod. 
Heads few-many-flowered ; the rays 1 to 16, pistillate. Scales 
of the oblong involucre appressed, destitute of herbaceous tips 
(except No. 1). Receptacle small, alveolate. Achenia many- 
ribbed, nearly terete. Pappus simple, of equal capillary bristles. 
— Perennial herbs, with mostly wand-like stems and nearly ses¬ 
sile stem-leaves, never heart-shaped. Heads small, racemed or 
clustered . flowers both of the disk and ray (except No. 2) yellow. 
(Name from solido , to join, or make whole, in allusion to its re¬ 
puted vulnerary qualities.) Flowering in Aug. and Sept. 
§ 1. Chrysastrum, Torr. & Gr. - Scales of the much imbricated rigid 
involucre with abruptly spreading herbaceous tips: heads in clusters 
or glomerate racemes disposed in a dense somewhat leafy and inter¬ 
rupted wand-like compound spike . 
1- S. squaiTosa, Muhl. (Large-spiked Golden-rod ) Stem 
stout (2° — 5° high), hairy above; leaves large, oblong, or the lower 
spatulate-oval and tapering into a margined petiole, serrate, veiny; 
16 “ 24 ’ the ra y a 12-16.-Rocky wooded hills, Maine 
and W. Vermont to Penn. 
§2. \iRGAtfREA, Tourn.— Scales of the involucre destitute of herba¬ 
ceous tips: rays mostly fewer than the disk-flowers : heads all more 
or less pedicilled . 
