223 
COMPOSITE. (COMPOSITE FAMILY.) 
peduncled, terminating the stem or branches. Leaves opposite, 
petioled, triple-ribbed, serrate. Flowers light yellow. (Name 
composed of rfhios, the sun, and fyis, appearance, from its resem¬ 
blance to the Sunflower.) 
1. H. l&viS, Pers. Nearly smooth ; leaves ovate-lanceolate or 
oblong-ovate. — Var. sc^bra has roughish foliage and the involucre 
somewhat hoary. — Banks and copses, common. Aug. Stem 1 - 4 
high. 
31. ECHINACEA, Mcench. Purple Cone-flower. 
Heads many-flowered ; the rays very long, drooping, pistillate 
but sterile. Scales of the involucre imbricated, lanceolate, spread¬ 
ing. Receptacle conical; the lanceolate chaff tipped with a car¬ 
tilaginous point, longer than the disk-flowers. Achenia thick and 
short, 4-sided. Pappus a small crown-form toothed border.— 
Perennial herbs, with the stout and nearly simple stems naked 
above and terminated by a single large head ; the leaves chiefly 
alternate, 3 - 5-nerved. Rays rose-purple, rather persistent; disk 
purplish. (Name formed from ’E x iw)r, the Hedge-hog or Sea-ur¬ 
chin, in allusion to the spiny chaff of the roundish disk.) 
1. E. purpurea, Mcench. Leaves rough, often serrate, the 
lowest ovate, 5-nerved, veiny, long-petioled; the others ovate-lance¬ 
olate; involucre imbricated in 3-5 rows; stem smooth or in one va¬ 
riety (E. serotina, DC.) rough bristly, as well as the le ^ es ’7 Prai - 
ries and banks, Ohio and westward. July. —Rays 15-20, dull pur¬ 
ple, P-2' long. Root thick, black, very pungent to the taste, used 
in popular medicine under the name of Black Sampson. 
32. R1JDBECKIA, L. Cone-flower. 
Heads many-flowered, the rays neutral. Scales of the involucre 
leaf-like in about 3 rows, spreading. Receptacle conical or co¬ 
lumnar ; the short chaff concave, not rigid. Achenia 4-angular, 
smooth, not margined, flat at the top, with no pappus, or a minute 
crown-like border.—Chiefly perennial herbs, with alternate leaves, 
and showy heads terminating the stem or branches; the rays 
generally long and drooping, yellow. (Named in honor of the 
Professors RudbecJc, father and son, predecessors of Linnaeus at 
Upsal.) 
* Disk oblong-conical, and columnar in fruit, greenish-yelloic . leaves 
all more or less divided and cut. 
