225 
COMPOSITE. (COMPOSITE FAMILY.) 
the disk grayish. (Name from X«r is, a scale, and ira X vs y thick, re¬ 
ferring to the thickened tips of the chaff.) 
1. Jj . pinnata, Torr. & Gr. Hoary with minute appressed 
hairs, tall, branching; leaflets 3-7, lanceolate, acute at both ends, 
toothed or entire; disk oblong, much shorter than the large and 
drooping light-yellow rays. — Dry soil, Chatauque County, New i ork, 
Dr. Sartwdl, to Wisconsin and southward. July. —Plant 4° high. 
Rays 2' or more long : the disk exhaling an anisate odor when bruis¬ 
ed. Achenia slightly margined on the inner edge, and obscurely 
2-toothed at the top. 
34. HE LI AN THU S, L. Sunflower. 
Heads many-flowered ; the rays several or many, neutral. In¬ 
volucre imbricated. Receptacle flattish or convex ; the persistent 
chaff embracing the 4-sided and laterally compressed achenia, 
which are neither winged nor margined. Pappus very deciduous, 
of 2 thin chaffy-awned scales on the principal angles of the ache 
nium, and often 2 or more little intermediate scales. Coarse and 
stout herbs, often exuding a resin, with solitary or corymbed 
heads, and yellow rays. Flowering toward autumn. (Name 
from qXtof, the sun, and avOos, a flower .) 
* Perennial: disk convex, dark purple: leaves opposite, or the upper 
alternate. 
1. H. angustifolius, L. (Narrow-leaved Sunflower) 
Stem tall and slender ; leaves long and linear , sessi e, entire, W1 
olute margins, 1-nerved, pale beneath ; heads (small) oose y con m 
ed, long-peduncled; scales of the involucre irregularly imbricated, 
leafy-tipped, narrowly lanceolate , spreading in fruit. Low pine ar 
rens, New Jersey and southward. 
2. H. rigidus, Desf. (Thick-leaved Sunflower.) Stem 
stout , simple or sparingly branched, rough ; leaves veryt ic an ri a , 
rough both sides, oblong-lanceolate, pointed at both en s, s ig it y 
rate; the lowest oval; scales of the involucre rcgu ary 1 ’ 
appressed , ovate or ovate-lanceolate, obtuse, destitute o ea ' 
pappus of 2 large and often several small scales. - Prairies, Michigan 
and westward. — Stem 1° -3° high: heads large. 
* * Perennial: disk convex , yellow : scales of the involucre j 
imbricated and appressed, with somewhat spreading an aci e, 
foliaceovs tips: leaves chiefly opposite. . 
3. H. laetifldrus, Pers^(B r.oht Sunflower.) 
rough , branching above ; leaves oval-lanceolate, very roug a j* 
narrowed into short petioles, serrate, taper-pointed, t e upp 
