COMPOSITE. (COMPOSITE FAMILY.) 
227 
_Thickets and swamps, common. — Stem 2P- KP high. Heads nu¬ 
merous: the pale yellow rays 15-20. 
9. H. grosse-serratus, Martens. (Stalk-leaved Tall 
Sunflower.) Stem smooth and glaucous , at least below; leaves elon¬ 
gated-lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, taper-pointed, serrate, rough above, 
rounded or acute at the base, petioled, rough above, hoary and downy 
beneath; scales of the involucre lance-awl-shaped, slightly ciliate. — 
Dry plains, Ohio and southwestward. — Some forms nearly approach 
the last. 
h- -t- Leaves chiefly opposite , 3-nerved or triple-nerved. 
1 10. H. di vatic at US, L. (Cross-leaved Sunflower.) Stem 
simple or forked and corymbed at the top, smooth; leaves all opposite 
and divaricate , ovate-lanceolate , Z-nerved from the rounded or truncate 
sessile base , tapering gradually to a sharp point, serrate, thickish , 
rough; scales of the-involucre lanceolate from a broad base, pointed, 
equalling the disk; rays 8-12. — Thickets and barrens, common.— 
Stem 1° -4° high : leaves 3'-6' long : heads small. 
11. H. llirsiltus, Raf. (Rough-hairy Sunflower.) Stem 
simple or forked above, bristly-hairy ; leaves more or less petioled , 
ovate-lanceolate , gradually pointed, slightly serrate , rounded or obtuse 
at the base, very rough above and rough-hairy underneath ; scales of 
the involucre ovate-lanceolate, pointed, equalling the disk; rays about 
12. _ Dry plains, &c., Ohio and westward. — Plant stout, 1° or more 
high, allied to the last. * 
12. II. traclieliifolius, Willd. (Throatwort Sunflow¬ 
er.) Stem loosely branched, tall, hairy ; leaves thin, ovate-lanceolate, 
or oblong-lanceolate, taper-pointed , sharply serrate , smoothish or rough- 
ish-pubescent both sides , contracted into short petioles ; scales of the in¬ 
volucre lanceolate-linear, elongated and very taper-pointed, loose, ex¬ 
ceeding the disk ; rays 12- 15.— Copses, Penn.? and Ohio. 
13. II. decapctalus, L. (Cut-toothed Sunflower.) Stem 
tall and branching, smooth below; leaves thin and green both sides , 
smooth or roughish , ovate , coarsely serrate , pointed, abruptly contract¬ 
ed into margined petioles; scales of the involucre lanceolate-linear, 
elongated, loosely spreading, the outer longer than the disk; rays 
about 10. — Var. frond6scs has the outer involucral scales foliaceous 
or changing to leaves. — Copses and low banks of streams, common. 
14. H. struinosus, L. (Pale-leaved Sunflower.) Stem 
rather simple and tall, smooth below ; leaves ovate-lanceolate , tapering 
gradually to a point , serrate with small oppressed tee*A, abruptly con¬ 
tracted into short margined petioles, rough above, whitish and na e 
or minutely downy underneath ; scales of the involucre broadly ance- 
olate with spreading tips, equalling the disk ; rays mostly 10. ar. 
mollis has the leaves softly downy underneath. — River-banks and 
low copses, common. 
