232 
COMPOSITE. (COMPOSITE FAMILY.) 
4. B. clll’ysailtlieillOldes, Michx. (Large-flowered 
Burr-Marigold.) Smooth, erect or reclining at the base (6 / -30 / 
high); leaves lanceolate , tapering at both ends, more or less connate, 
regularly serrate; heads erect or nodding, conspicuously radiate; outer 
involucre mostly shorter than the golden-yellow rays; achenia wedge- 
shaped, with almost prickly downwardly barbed margins; awns 2, 3, 
or 4. Swamps, common, especially southward. — Rays showy, about 
1/ long. 
* * Achenia linear A-sided, slender , tapering at the summit. 
°* B. Beckii, Torr. (Water Marigold.) Aquatic, smooth; 
stems long and slender, nearly simple, bearing crowded immersed 
leaves many times dissected into fine capillary divisions; the few 
emerging leaves at the summit lanceolate, slightly connate, cut-tooth¬ 
ed , heads single, short-peduncled; outer involucre of oval or oblong 
scales shorter than the interior and several times shorter than the 
showy ( golden-yellow ) rays; achenia linear, thickish, smooth; the 
4-6 short awns barbed only towards the apex. R. — Ponds and slow 
deep streams, W. New York to Massachusetts. 
^ L. (Spanish Needles.) Smooth, branch¬ 
ed (1-4 high); leaves 1-3 -pinnately parted , petioled ; leaflets 
ovate-lanceolate , mostly wedge-shaped at the base; heads on slender 
pe unc es; outer involucre of linear scales as long as the inner, and 
nearly as l(mg as the short pale yellow rays; achenia long and slender, 
4-grooved and angled, nearly smooth, 3-4-awned. <j) — Dry soil, 
Connecticut to Pennsylvania and westward. — Heads small. 
38. VERBESINA, L. Crownbeard. 
Heads several-many-flowered ; the rays pistillate, few (rarely 
none). Scales of the erect involucre few, imbricated in 2 or more 
rows. Receptacle rather convex, the chaff concave. Achenia 
at (compressed laterally), winged or wingless, 2-awned.—P er " 
tnnial herbs; the toothed or lobed leaves decurrent on the stem. 
(“ Name altered from Verbena.”) 
1. V. Siegresbcckia, Michx. Stem tall, 4-winged; hates 
opposite, ovate, triple-nerved, serrate, pointed at both ends, smooth or 
pu escent underneath (large and thin); heads in compound corymbs; 
owers yellow ; rays 1-5, lanceolate; achenia wingless. — Rich soil, 
VV. Penn. and southward. 
, ^ ^ L. Stem narrowly or interruptedly winged, 
dmeny pubescent above, like the tower surface of the ovate-lanceolate 
feather-veined alteTnat * <««>«; heads in compound corymbs; flowers 
p ie ’ . ra - VS ' ” 4 » oya l; achenia narrowly winged. — Dry soil, W* 
Pennsylvania ? and southward. 
