COMPOSITE. (COMPOSITE FAMILY.) 233 
Subtribe 3. HELENliLE. — Pappus composed of several dis- 
tinct chaffy scales. 
39. HELiiGNIina,. L. False Sunflower. 
Heads many-flowered ; the spreading wedge-shaped rays sev¬ 
eral, 3-5-cleft at the summit, fertile. Involucre small, reflexed, 
the scales linear or awl-shaped. Receptacle globose or oblong, 
naked. Achenia top-shaped, ribbed. Pappus of 5-8 thin and 
1-nerved chaffy scales, the nerve extended into a bristle or point. 
_Erect branching herbs, with alternate leaves decurrent on the 
angled stem and branches, which are terminated by single or cor- 
ymbed (yellow) heads; often sprinkled with bitter and aromatic 
resinous globules. (Named after Helen, the wife of Menelaus.) 
1. H. autumnale, L. (Sneeze-weed.) Nearly smooth; 
leaves lanceolate, toothed ; rays longer than the globular disk. It 
Alluvial river-banks, common from New k ork westwar an s 
ward. Sept.— Plant 1°-3P high, bitter: the corymbed heads showy. 
Subtribe 4. ANTHEMlDE^E. — Pappus none, or a very 
short crown. Heads radiate or discoid, not dioecious, the central 
sometimes infertile. Anthers without tails at the base. Leaves 
alternate. (Gen. 40-43 are radiate : 44 and 45, discoid.) 
40. MARtTA, Cass. May-weed. 
Heads many-flowered, the rays neutral. Involucre somewhat 
imbricated, shorter than the disk. Receptacle conical, more or 
less chaffy. Achenia obovoid, ribbed, smooth. Pappus none. 
Annual acrid herbs, with a strong odor, finely thnce-pinnately di¬ 
vided leaves and single heads terminating the branches. Rays 
white, turned down, the disk yellow. (Derivation unknown.) 
1 m Cotula, DC. (Common May-weed.) Scales of the 
involucre with whitish margins; receptacle chaffy only among the 
upper flowers. — Road-sides, a very common naturalized wee . 
41. AN THEM IS, L. Chamomile. 
Heads and flowers as in Maruta, but the rays fertile. Achenia 
terete, striate or smooth. Pappus none or a minute crown. 
Herbs with aromatic or strong odor, 1 - 2-pinnately divi e ea e J 
the branches terminated by single heads. Rays white, t e is 
20 * 
