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AQUIFOLIACEiE. (HOLLY FAMILY.) 
Drupe red: the nutlets striate or grooved. (The ancient Latin 
name of the Holly-oak, rather than of the Holly.) 
§ 1. Aquif6lium, Tourn. — Leaves coriaceous , evergreen , spiny- 
toothed. 
1. I. opaca, Ait. (American Holly.) Leaves oval, flat, 
the wavy margins armed with scattered spiny teeth; flowers in loose 
clusters along the base of the young branches and from the axils; 
calyx-teeth acute. — Moist woodlands, Maine to Penn, eastward, and 
more common farther south. June. — Tree 20° - 40° high; the deep 
green foliage less glossy and the berries not so bright red as in the 
European Holly. 
§ 2. PrinoIdes. — Leaves membranaceous , deciduous. 
2. I. montana, Torr. & Gr. Leaves oblong-ovate or oval- 
lanceolate, pointed, sharply serrate, smooth, closely approximated on 
the ends of the branches; fertile flowers on very short peduncles; 
calyx-teeth obtuse. — Damp woods, Catskill Mountains, New York, 
and along the Alleghanies southward from Penn, to Carolina. June. 
— Shrub or small tree, 8°-2(P high, straggling. Leaves 3' -5' long, 
very thin. Sterile flowers, if any, unknown, the fertile perfect, on 
stalks shorter than the drupe. Nutlets strongly striate-ribbed on the 
back. 
PBINOS, L. WlNTERBERRY. 
Parts of the flower throughout in sixes, polygamous (the fertile 
flowers rarely with their parts fours or fives). Drupe with 6 
smooth nutlets. Otherwise as in Ilex. (The Greek name of the 
Holly.) 
* Leaves deciduous : fruit blight red. 
1. P. verticfllatas, L. (Black Alder. Winterberry.) 
Leaves oval , obovate , or wedge-lanceolate , pointed, acute at the base, 
sharply serrate, downy on the veins beneath ; flowers all on very short 
peduncles , the sterile in close clusters which are shorter than the peU- 
oles, the fertile somewhat clustered or solitary. — Swamps, common. 
June. — Shrub 3°-10Phigh, very variable in foliage, often rugose- 
veiny : the bright scarlet fruit ripe in autumn, crowded so as to ap¬ 
pear in whorls on the branches. 
2 P. laevigatas, Pursh. (Smooth Winterberry.) Reaves 
lanceolate , pointed at both ends, minutely serrate with appressed teet , 
shining above, smooth, except the midrib beneath : sterile flowers J- 
5 in a cluster, or single on slender peduncles (£' or more long); the 
fertile chiefly single and very short-peduncled. — Swamps, and along 
cold streams, Maine to New Jersey and the mountains of Penn. 
June. — Shrub 4° - 8? high; the thin leaves 1' - 2' long. 
