374 
OLEACEJE. (OLIVE FAMILY.) 
hairy on the veins beneath; samara elliptical-oblong, very obtuse at 
both ends.—Swamps, Maine to Wisconsin, very common northward. 
A slender tree, 40° -60° high, with a very tough wood (used for 
hoops, baskets, &c.). Branches ash-color, with dark dots: the bruis¬ 
ed leaves exhale the odor of Elder. 
Division III. AP^TALOUS EXOGENOUS PLANTS. 
Corolla none; the floral envelopes in a single series (ca¬ 
lyx), or sometime* wanting altogether. 
Order 82. ARISTOLOCHIACE^E. (Birthwort Fam.) 
Climbing shrubs or herbs , with perfect flowers , the con¬ 
spicuous lurid calyx (valvate in the bud) coherent below 
with the 6 -celled ovary , which forms a many-seeded 6-celled 
pod or berry in fruit. Stamens 6 - 12, more or less united 
with the style : anthers adnale , extrorse. — Leaves petioled, 
mostly heart-shaped and entire. Seeds anatropous, with a 
large fleshy raphe, and a minute embryo in fleshy albumen. 
1. AS ARUM, Tourn. Asarabacca. 
Calyx bell-shaped ; limb 3-parted, the tube wholly adherent to 
the ovary. Stamens 12 : filaments awl-shaped, cohering with the 
apex of the ovary, continued beyond the short anthers into a slen¬ 
der point. Styles united into a short column, bearing 6 radiating 
crested stigmas at the apex. Fruit fleshy, globular, crowned with 
the persistent calyx, bursting irregularly. — Stemless herbs, with 
aromatic-pungent creeping matted rootstocks, bearing a terminal 
nodding flower close to the ground, between the long petioles of a 
pair of kidney-heart-shaped and veiny deciduous leaves. (An an¬ 
cient name, thought to be derived from a privative, and aeipov , 
bound , because rejected from garlands.) (Cf. Gray , in Sill . Jour- 
42, p. 18.) 
1- A. Canadense, L. (Wild Ginger.) Downy; filaments 
adherent to the dilated base of the united styles. — Hill-sides in tic 
woods, common, especially northward. May. — Leaves round- 1 ^ 
ney-shaped, at length 3'-4' wide. Calyx-lobes reflexed-spreadmg 
from the middle, pointed, brown-purple inside. 
Heterotropa Virginica (Asarum, L .) is to be sought in S. Pen® 
