400 
ULMACEiE. (ELM FAMILY.) 
fruit oval, with woolly-fringed margins. — Moist woods, and alluvial 
river-banks. April. — A large and well-known, very ornamental 
tree, with spreading branches and slender pendulous branchlets: 
young twigs nearly smooth. Calyx 8-9-cleft, hairy. Stamens 
about 8. 
2. U. racemosa, Thomas. (Corky White Elm.) Leaves 
nearly as in No. 1, obovate-oblong ; flowers in compound, racemes , con¬ 
spicuously pedicelled; fruit elliptical-oval, with downy-fringed mar¬ 
gins; branches mostly corky-ridged or winged. — River-banks, W. 
New England and New York, and westward. — A large tree, with 
tougher and finer-grained wood than the last. Branchlets downy. 
3. U. fulva, Michx. (Slippery Elm. Red Elm.) Leaves 
very rough above , roughish-downy underneath, as well as the branch- 
lets, ovate-oblong, doubly serrate ; buds rusty-woolly; flowers nearly 
sessile in dense clusters ; fruit nearly orbicular, the margins naked.— 
Woods, in rich, dry, or moist soil; common westward. — A middle- 
sized or small tree, with straggling branches and rather tough reddish 
wood, remarkable for the very mucilaginous inner bark. Calyx-lobes 
and much exserted stamens about 7. 
U. camp£stris, L., the English Elm, is sparingly introduced near 
Boston. F 6 J 
Tourn. Nettle-tree. Hack-berry. 
Flowers polygamous. Calyx 5 — 6-parted, persistent. Sta¬ 
mens 5-6. Ovary 1-celled, with a single suspended ovule : stig¬ 
mas 2, long and pointed, recurved. Fruit a globular drupe, with 
thin flesh. Embryo curved, nearly inclosing a little gelatinous 
albumen: cotyledons folded.— Leaves pointed, petioled. Flowers 
greenish, axillary, solitary or in pairs, peduncled, appearing with 
the leaves ; the lower usually staminate only. (An ancient Greek 
name for the Lotus : the fruit European Nettle-tree supposed to 
have been the food of the Lotophagi .) 
1. C. occidentalis, L. (Sugar-berry. Hack-berry.) Leaves 
roughish, obliquely ovate, sharply serrate, finely taper-pointed, une¬ 
qual and often heart-shaped or half heart-shaped at the base; fruit 
dull-purple or yellowish-brown. — Woods and river-banks, through¬ 
out the Northern States, but rare northward and eastward. May. — A. 
small or occasionally pretty large tree, with the aspect of an Elm, with 
sweet and edible drupes as large as bird-cherries, ripe in autumn and 
remaining through the winter. —Very variable as to the foliage, &c. 
C. crassifolia, Lam., I am unable properly to distinguish. 
C. pumila, Pursh, a dwarf, very straggling bush, probably extends 
northward into Pennsylvania. 
