406 
ETJPHORBIACEJE. (SPURGE FAMILY.) 
divided into 5 or 6 rays, then 3-2-forked ; glands oval (greenish), each 
at the base of a conspicuous and petal-like {white) spreading appendage; 
fruit and seeds smooth. 1J. — Dry banks and copses, S. New York, 
Penn., and westward. July. — Stem 2°-3? high. Leaves smooth or 
hairy underneath. Involucres very handsome on account of the 
white false lobes, which appear like petals; the true lobes minute and 
incurved. 
7. E. Ipecac uanlue, L. (Wild Ipecac.) Stems many 
from a very long perpendicular root , low and diffusely spreading , flow¬ 
ering and simply forking from near the base; the peduncles therefore 
solitary, and the leaves nearly all opposite, varying from obovate or 
oblong to long and narrowly linear, entire ; glands kidney-shaped, 
naked (greenish) ; fruit smooth (very minutely roughish); seeds areo- 
late-pitted (white), 1J.— Sandy dry soil, Long Island and New Jer¬ 
sey, southward. May-July. — Leaves extremely variable, often 
purplish, smooth. Peduncles 1', the fruit-stalk long. 
* * Leaves all opposite or nearly so : otherwise as in * • 
I^thyris, L. (Caper Spurge.) Leaves linear-oblong, 
entire, the floral oblong-ovate and heart-shaped, pointed; umbel di¬ 
vided in 3 or 4 rays, then forking; glands short-horned; fruit and 
seeds smooth, each carpel with a line on the back. Escaped 
rom gardens, where it is common, and naturalized in a few places. 
A tall and stout smooth species. 
* * * Leaves destitute of stipules , all opposite and similar , petioled : in¬ 
volucres nearly sessile in a small terminal cluster , bractless . 
9 * dentata, Michx. (Toothed Spurge.) Upright, hairy; 
leaves ovate or oblong-lanceolate, coarsely serrate with blunt teeth, 
narrowed into a slender petiole; lobes of the involucre cut-fringed; 
g and mostly solitary, cup-like ; fruit smooth, short-stalked ; seeds 
minutely warted. © (E. Herrbnii, Riddell.) — Hill-sides in rich 
fxr ° hl ° and southward. Aug.—Plant 1° high, with the aspect 
ercurialis, at first simple, afterwards with side branches. 
* \* * Uavts Mnished with awl-shaped or scaly stipules, all oppo¬ 
site and similar, petioled {small) : stems much branched: branches 
forking: involucres solitary in the forks and clustered on the branch- 
lets. {Annuals.) 
10. E. polygonifolia, L. (Seaside Spurge.) Very smooth, 
g aucous or pale, diffusely procumbent, very much branched from the 
root; leaves linear-oblong, rather obtuse, entire, veinless; glands 
transversely oblong , without petal-like appendages; fruit and seeds 
amoot i and even-Sandy coast; also along the Great Lakes. 
- Sept. — Spreading flat on the ground : branches 3'- 8' long. 
11. E* macuhita, L. (Spotted Spurge. Milk Purslane.) 
mry, or sometimes smoothish, diffusely prostrate , very much branch¬ 
ed from the root; leaves oval , minutely serrulate towards the end, 
