415 
CUPULIFERiE. (oak family.) 
8. Cfc. Castanea, Willd. (Yellow Chestnut Oak.) Leaves 
oblong-lanceolate, hoary-white underneath, equally and rather sfuirply 
toothed; peduncles short; cup hemispherical; acorn ovoid. — Rich 
woods and valleys, rare in N. England, common in Penn, and west¬ 
ward. — This has the leaves shaped more like those of the Chestnut 
than any other. These three Chestnut Oaks are very difficult to dis¬ 
tinguish, and are most probably only varieties of one species. 
(1* piiuoicles, Willd. (Chinquapin or Dwarf Chestnut 
Oak.) Leaves obovate and lanceolate oblong, coarsely wavy-toothed, 
downy underneath; peduncles short or none; cup hemispherical; 
acorn ovoid. (Q. Chinquapin, Pursh.) — Sandy soil, New England* 
and Albany, New York, to Penn, and Ohio. — Shrub 2°-6° high. 
* * Fruit not maturing until the second year, nearly sessile. 
— Leaves entire, narrow. (Willow Oaks.) 
10. Phellos, L. (Willow Oak.) Leaves linear-lanceo¬ 
late, narrowed to both ends, smooth, light green; cup saucer-shaped; 
acorn globular. — Sandy low woods, Long Island and New Jersey, 
thence southward. — Tree 30°-50° high, remarkable for the willow¬ 
like leaves which are 3'- 4' long. Fruit small. 
11- Q. imbricaria, Michx. (Laurel or Shingle Oak ) 
Leaves lanceolate-oblong, acute at both ends, mucroruUe, thickish, smooth 
and shining above, somewhat downy underneath ; cup saucer-shaped ; 
acorn globular. — Barrens and open woodlands, New Jersey to Wis¬ 
consin, common westward. — Tree 3(P-5(P high ; the wood used for 
shingles in the Western States, whence the name. 
•*- *•- Leaves toothed or lobtd ; the teeth or lobes mucronate or bristle- 
pointed ( the bristles deciduous in JVo. 13). (Black and Red Oaks.) 
12. illicifolia, Wang. (Bear, or Black Scrub Oak.) 
Dwarf; leaves obovate, wedge-shaped at the base, angularly about 5- 
lobed, whitened-downy underneath ; cup flattish-top-shaped ; acorn 
ovoid. — Sandy barrens and rocky hills. (Q,. Banisteri, Michx.) — A 
straggling, crooked shrub, 3P - 8? high. Leaves 2' - 4' long, thickish. 
Acorns long. 
13. Q. nigra, L. (Black Jack, or Barren Oak.) Leaves 
broadly wedge-shaped, but rounded or a little heart-shaped at the base, 
dilated and slightly Globed (or sometimes 5-lobed) at the end, rusty- 
downy underneath when young; acorn ovoid-globular, half covered 
by the very scaly cup. — Dry sandy barrens, Long Island and New 
Jersey, thence southward. — Tree 8°-25 > high, scraggy, with black¬ 
ish bark. Leaves coriaceous, shining above, 4'-8' long, with round¬ 
ed, often obscure lobes; the principal veins projecting into bristle 
points which are commonly deciduous. Acorn §' long. 
14. falcata, Michx. (Spanish Oak.) Leaves grayish- 
downy underneath, long-petioled, obtuse or rounded at the base, 3-5- 
