416 
CUPTJLIFERjE. (oak family.) 
lobed above ; the lobes prolonged, mostly narrow and more or less scythe- 
shaped, especially the terminal one, entire or sparingly cut-toothed; 
cup saucer-shaped ; acorn spherical. — Dry or sandy soil, New Jersey 
and southward. — A small or large tree, extremely variable in foli¬ 
age : a var. with shorter lobes is Q. triloba, Willd. 
15. Q. tinctoria, Bartram. (Quercitron or Black Oak.) 
Leaves more or less rusty-pubescent underneath , obovate-oblong , slighdy 
or sometimes deeply sinuate-lobed, the lobes somewhat toothed; acorn 
nearly spherical or depressed-globular, one third immersed in a deep 
conspicuously scaly cup. — Dry woods, common. — A large tree, often 
confounded with the next, especially the varieties with deeper cut 
leaves; but these are duller and thicker, more dilated above the mid¬ 
dle, somewhat downy underneath until midsummer, and turn yellow¬ 
ish-brown after frost; and the inner bark (quercitron of dyers) is very 
thick and yellow. Wood reddish, coarse-grained, but valuable. 
Acorns rather small. 
16. Q. coccinea, Wang. (Scarlet Oak.) Leaves oval in 
outline, deeply sinuatc-pinnatijid , with broad and open sinuses , and di¬ 
vergent sparingly cut-toothed lobes (3-4 on each side), smooth , bright 
green and shining both sides, broad or truncate at the base; acorn 
globular-ovoid, one third or more immersed in the thick and somewhat 
top-shaped conspicuously scaly cup. — Rich woods, common. — A large 
tree; the long-petioled shining leaves cut two thirds to the midrib, 
turning bright scarlet in autumn. Acorns rather larger and longer 
than in the last; the timber and bark less valuable. 
17 <1* rfrbra, L. (Red Oak.) Leaves oblong , smooth , 
beneath , sinuately cut with rather narrow sinuses into short and entire 
or sparingly toothed acute spreading lobes (4-6 on each side); C*p 
saucer-shaped, shallow , even (of very small and close scales), vary 
much shorter than the oblong-ovoid acorn. (Q. ambigua, Michx. f) 
Rocky woods, common. —A good-sized tree, with reddish very po* 
rous and coarse-grained wood, of little value as timber. Leaves turn¬ 
ing dark red after frost; the sinuses extending scarcely halfway to 
the midrib. Acorns 1/ long. 
18. Q. palustris, Du Roi. (Swamp Spanish, or Pin Oa*.) 
Leaves oblong, smooth and shining, bright green both sides, deeply /«*' 
natifid, with broad and rounded sinuses ; the lobes divergent , cut-lobed 
and toothed, acute; cup saucer-shaped , even; acorn nearly globose 
(scarce y i'long).—Low grounds, along streams, S. New \ork to 
Wisconsin, chiefly southward. — A very handsome middle-sized tree, 
with light and elegant foliage, much like that of the Scarlet Oak, b«t 
the sinuses reaching three fourths of the way to the midrib, and the 
lobes more cut, the acorns and cup different. The timber is better 
than that of the Red Oak. 
