417 
CUPFLIFERJE. (OAK FAMILY.) 
Q,. heterophylla, Michx. f., was founded on a single tree raised 
in Bartrara’s garden, recently destroyed, which was doubtless a hy¬ 
brid between Q. Phellos and Q,. falcata or some other species of that 
section. 
Q,. LeAna, Nutt., also founded on a solitary individual, near Cin¬ 
cinnati, Ohio, is most probably a hybrid between Q,. imbricaria and 
Q. tinctoria, as the discoverer, the late Mr. Lea, suggested. 
2. CASTANEA, Tourn. Chestnut. 
Sterile flowers interruptedly clustered in long and naked cylin¬ 
drical catkins: calyx 5-6-parted: stamens 8-15: anthers 2- 
celled. Fertile flowers 2 or 3 together in an ovoid scaly prickly 
involucre: calyx with a 5-6-lobed border crowning the 3-7- 
celled 16-14-ovuled ovary : abortive stamens 5-12 : stigmas bris¬ 
tle-shaped, as many as the cells of the ovary. Nuts coriaceous, 
ovoid, inclosed 2-3 together or solitary in the hard coriaceous and 
very prickly 4-valved involucre. Cotyledons very thick, some¬ 
what plaited, cohering together, remaining underground in ger¬ 
mination. — Leaves strongly straight-veined. Flowers appearing 
later than the (undivided) leaves ; the catkins axillary near the 
end of the branches, cream-color ; the fertile flowers at their base. 
(The classical name, from that of a town in Thessaly.) 
1« C* vesca, L. (Chestnut.) Leaves oblong-lanceolate , point¬ 
ed, serrate with coarse pointed teeth, smooth and green both sides; 
nuts 2 or 3 in each involucre, therefore flattened on one or both sides. 
— Rocky or hilly woods, common. June, July. — A large tree, with 
light coarse-grained wood. The American variety bears smaller and 
sweeter nuts than the European. 
2. C. pumila, Michx. (Chinquapin.) Leaves oblong , acute , 
serrate with pointed teeth, whitened downy underneath , nut solitary, 
not flattened. — Sandy woods, Long Island ? S. Penn, and Ohio, 
common farther south. June. — Shrub or tree 6°-20° high. Involu¬ 
cres small, often spiked at the base of the sterile catkins; the ovoid 
pointed nut scarcely half as large as a common chestnut, very sweet. 
3. FAO'US, Tourn. Beech. 
Sterile flowers in small heads on drooping peduncles, with de¬ 
ciduous scale-like bracts: calyx bell-shaped, 5 -6-cleft: stamens 
8 - 12 : anthers 2-celled. Fertile flowers usually in pairs at the 
apex of a short peduncle, invested by numerous awl-shaped bract- 
lets, the inner grown together at their bases to form the involucre: 
