418 
CUPULIFERA2. (oak FAMILY.) 
calyx-lobes 4-5, awl-shaped : ovary 3-celled with 2 ovules in 
each cell: styles 3, thread-like, stigmatic along the inner side. 
Nuts sharply 3-sided, usually 2 in each urn-shaped and soft-prick¬ 
ly coriaceous involucre, which splits to below the middle into 4 
valves. Cotyledons thick, folded-plaited internally, coherent, but 
rising and expanding in germination. Trees with smooth ash- 
gray bark, undivided strongly straight-veined leaves, and a light 
horizontal spray. Scales of the taper buds formed of scarious 
stipules. Flowers yellowish, appearing with the leaves: pedun¬ 
cles axillary at the base of the branchlets. (The classical name, 
from <£dya>, to eat , in allusion to the esculent nuts.) 
1- F. ferrnguinea, Ait. (American Beech.) Leaves ob¬ 
long-ovate, taper-pointed, distinctly and often coarsely toothed; peti¬ 
oles and midrib soon nearly naked ; prickles of the fruit recurved or 
spreading. (F, ferruginea and F. sylv6stris, Michx. /.) — Woods, 
common. May. — Manifestly different from the European Beech, 
with longer and less shining leaves, most of the silky hairs early de¬ 
ciduous; the lower surface then nearly smooth, or on young shoots 
more or less pubescent with a fine down. 
4. CORYLUSj Tourn. Hazel-nut. Filbert. 
Sterile flowers in drooping cylindrical catkins; the concave 
bracts and the 2-cleft calyx combined to form 3-lobed scales, to the 
axis of which the 8 short filaments irregularly cohere: anthers 1* 
celled. Fertile flowers several together in lateral and terminal 
scaly buds. Ovary 2-celled with 1 ovule in each : stigmas 2, 
thread-like. Nut bony, ovoid, separately inclosed in a large leafy- 
coriaceous involucre, which is composed of 2 - 3 united bracts tu¬ 
bular at the base, and lacerated above. — Shrubs flowering in ear¬ 
ly spring, before the (roundish unequally serrate) leaves appear. 
(The classical name, probably from k6ov 5 , a helmet , from the invo¬ 
lucre.) 
!• c. Americana, Walt. (Wild Hazel-nut.) L< aTes 
roundish-heart-shaped, pointed, coarsely serrate; involucre glandular- 
, f"?’ with a dilated flattened border , about twice the length of the 
gobular nut. — Thickets, common. Shrub 4°-8°high; the young 
twigs, &c., downy and glandular-hairy. Nut of fine flavor, but small¬ 
er and thicker-shelled than the European Hazel-nut. 
2- C. lostrata, Ait. (Beaked Hazel-nut.) Leaves orate o' 
ovate-oblong, somewhat heart-shaped, pointed, doubly serrate; involvere 
