439 
coniferje. (pine family.) 
Suborder III. TAXINEA5. The Yew Family. 
fl “ Wer s , 0 ! i,ar - v ' consisting of a naked ovule, ripening into a 
nut-hkc or drupe- ike seed. Ovary entirely wanting. Buds scaly. 
8. Iaxos Ovule erect, encircled at the base by an annular disk, 
which forms a berry-like cup around the nut-like seed. 
Suborder I. ABIETINEA3. The peopee Pine Family. 
• PIN PS, Tourn. Pine. 
Flowers monoecious. Sterile catkins spiked, consisting of nu¬ 
merous stamens inserted on the axis, with very short filaments 
and a scale-hke connective : anther-cells 2, opening lengthwise. 
Pollen of 3 united grains. Fertile catkins terminal, solitary or 
aggregated, consisting of imbricated carpellary scales, each in the 
axil of a deciduous bract, bearing a pair of inverted ovules at the 
base. Fruit a cone formed of the imbricated and woody carpella¬ 
ry scales which are thickened at the apex (except in White 
Pines), persistent, spreading when ripe and dry; the 2 nut-like 
seeds partly sunk in excavations at the base of the scale, and in 
separating carrying away a part of its lining in the form of a thin 
and fragile wing. Cotyledons 3-12, linear. (Embryos sometimes 
several in the same seed.) —Leaves evergreen, needle-shaped, in 
fascicles of 2 - 5 from the same slender buds, sheathed by the sca- 
nous bud-scales at the base. Flowering in spring (May, June) ; 
the cones maturing the seeds in the autumn of the second year! 
(The classical Latin name.) 
§ 1. Leaves 2 or 3 in a sheath, rigid: scales of the cones thickened at 
the end, and mostly tipped with a point or spine : bark rough. 
1. P. Banksiana, Lambert. (Gray, or Northern Scrub 
ine.) Leaves in pairs, shorty oblique, divergent ; cones ovate-coni¬ 
cal, usually curved, smooth, the scales pointless. (P. rup6stris, 
• Iichz.fi) Rocky banks, N. Maine and Michigan, thence northward. 
A straggling shrub or low tree (5°-20° high); the rigid leaves 
only l'long, concave-grooved above ; the irregular cones long. 
2- P. inops, Ait. (Jersey or Scrub Pine.) Leaves in pairs, 
rather short ; cones oblong-conical, sometimes curved, the scales tip - 
pe with a prominent and straight awl-shaped prickle. — Barrens and 
4fp FI | G ^ ew Jersey and southward. — A straggling tree, 15°- 
ug , with spreading or drooping branchlets: young shoots with 
a purplish glaucous bloom. Leaves -2\' long. Cones 2' - 3' long. 
