ERI0CAUL0NACE2E. (PIPEWORT FAMILY.) 515 
sorter tlian the about 7-angled scape; outer bracts obovate, rounded . 
(E. pelldcidum, Michx.) - In ponds or their swampy borders, not rare 
northward. Aug. — Scape 2' -6° Jong, according to the depth of the 
water. Head lead-color, hemispherical, broad. 
2- E. (lccailgularc, L. Leaves Unear-sword-shaped, taper- 
pointed, opaque ; scape 10 - 12-grooved (l°-3° higli) ; outer bracts 
ovate, acute.—Vine-barren swamps, New Jersey and southward. 
Head or more broad. 
Order 128. CYPERACEiE. (Sedge Family.) 
Grass-like or rush-like herbs, with fibrous roots and solid 
stems (culms), closed sheaths, and spiked chiefly 3-androus 
flowers, one in the axil of each of the glume-like imbricated 
bracts (scales, glumes), destitute of any perianth, or with 
hypogynous bristles or scales in its place, and a 1 -celled 
ovary with a single erect anatropous ovule, in fruit forming 
an achenium. Style 2-cleft when the fruit is flattened or 
lenticular, or 3-cleft when it is 3-angular. Embryo minute 
at the base of the somewhat floury albumen. 
Synopsis. 
Tribe 1. CYPERfeiE. — Flowers perfect, 2-ranked (distichous). 
1. Cyperus. Spikes few-many-flowered. Perianth none. 
2. Kyllingia. Spikes 1-flowered, in a sessile head. Perianth none. 
3. Dulichium. Spikes 6-10-flowered. Perianth of bristles. Ache¬ 
nium beaked. 
Tribe 2. FUIRfeNEAS.—Flowers perfect; the scales many-rank- 
ed (regularly imbricated on all sides), each covering a naked 
flower. Perianth chiefly double, viz. of 3 ovate scale-like se¬ 
pals on claws, alternating with 3 small bristles. 
4. Fuirena. Scales awned on the back. Stamens 3. Style 3-cleft. 
Tribe 3. HYPOLlTTRE.dE. — Flowers perfect; the scales many- 
ranked, each covering a flower provided with its own (1 - 4) 
proper scale-like bractlets. True perianth none. 
5. Hemicarpha. Inner scale 1. Stamen 1. Style 2-cleft. 
Tribe 4. SCfRPE^E. — Flowers perfect; the scales regularly 
several-ranked, all, or all but the lowest, covering a naked 
flower. Perianth of bristles or hairs, or none. 
* Perianth of hypogynous bristles or hairs (rarely obsolete). 
