519 
CYPERACEJE. (SEDGE FAMILY.) 
ing. Umar-lanceolate, flattened, 5-7-flowered, the joints of the axis 
winged; scales ovate, rather obtuse, loosely imbricated, greenish- 
chestnut-color; achemum obovate, minutely pointed. (C. Mariscol- 
des, var. setifolius, Gray.) — Barren sandy soil, Rhode Island to New 
Jersey, near the coast. August. 
S* * ,iC « lmis » VahI * Culm slender, wiry, often reclined 
( high) ; leaves linear (1"- 2" wide) ; spikes numerous and clustered 
m a single sessile dense head , or in 1-3 additional looser heads on 
spreading rays , linear-lanceolate, rather convex, 6 - 10-flowered • 
joints of the axis naked; scales ovate, blunt, loose, greenish: ache- 
mum obovate, short-pointed. (C. Mariscoides, Ell.)—Dry sterile soil 
common, especially southward. Aug.-Heads V or less in diameter. 
§3. Mariscos, Valll. - Style 3 -cleft: the achemum triangular: sta - 
mens 3: spikes 1-few-flowered, scarcely flattened, the 2 lower scales 
short and empty: otherwise as in § 2. 
13. c. ovularis, Torr. Smooth; culm sharply triangular (6 f - 
12' high); umbel 1-6-rayed; spikes in globular dense heads 2-4- 
flowered, short and thick; joints of the axis winged; scales ovate, 
blunt, greenish ; achenium obovoid. y. (Kyllfngia, Michx.) — Sandy 
soil, S. New York and southward. Aug. - Oct. — Heads barely A' in 
diameter, of 50 -100 spikes. J 
14. C. retrofr&ctns, Torr. Culm minutely downy like the 
leaves, rough on the obtusish angles (l°-3° high); umbel many-ray- 
ed; spikes slender, awl-shaped , very numerous in obovate or oblong 
heads terminating the elongated rays, soon bent down, 1 -2 flowered in 
the middle; scales usually 4 or 5, the two lowest ovate and empty, 
the fertile lanceolate, the uppermost involute-awl-shaped ; achenium 
linear. 1J. (Scirpus retrofractus, L.) —Sandy fields, New Jersey 
and southward. Aug. — Spikes long, 50 -100 in a head, greenish. 
§ 4* PapYrus, Thouars. — Style 3-cleft : achenium triangular: sta¬ 
mens 3: spikes many-flowered: joints of the axis margined by a pair 
of more or less free scale-like appendages, which remain after the 
proper scale falls away : otherwise as in § 2. 
15. erytlirorhizos, Muhl. Culm obtusely triangular (2° 
— 3° high); umbel compound, many-rayed; involucre 4—5-Ieaved, 
very long; involucels bristle-form ; spikes very numerous, crowded in 
oblong-cylindrical nearly sessile heads, spreading horizontally, linear, 
flattish (if long), 10- 18-flowered, bright chestnut-colored; scales lan¬ 
ceolate, mucronate. — Wet alluvial banks, ^enn. and southward. 
August. — Root fibrous, red. 
L. Ktllingia. 
Spikes of 3 - 4 two-ranked scales, 1 - l^-flowered ; the 2 lower 
scales minute and empty, as in in Cypenis § Mariscus ; otherwise 
