542 
CYPERACEJE. (SEDGE FAMILY.) 
the fertile spikes tawny or white : bracts bristle-shaped, commonly 
shorter than the culm. — MuhlenbergiAnje. 
22. C. spargranioldes, Muhl. Spikes 6-10, ovoid; the up¬ 
per ones aggregated , the lower distinct and more or less distant; peri- 
gynia broadly-ovate, nerveless, rough on the narrow margin about twice 
the length of the ovate-pointed scale; achenium roundish-ovate ; style 
short, tumid at the base. —Var. cephaloidea has 4-6 rather smaller 
spikes, closely aggregated into an oblong head. (C. cephalophora, 
var. cephaloidea, and C. cephaloidea. Dew.) — Low grounds, New 
England to Wisconsin ; the var. in fields and hedges. — A robust spe¬ 
cies, with rather wide pale-green leaves; occurring sometimes with 
1-2 short branches of a few spikes each, at the base of the compound 
spike, in which state it is probably the C. divulsa, Pufsh , not of Good- 
enough. The var. cephaloidea differs in no important character from 
the larger form, of which it seems to be a reduced state, approaching 
closely to the next in general appearance. 
23. C* cephalophora, Muhl. Spikes 5-6, small, and dense¬ 
ly aggregated into a short ovoid head ; perigynia broadly ovate, with 3 
- 4 indistinct nerves on the outer side, scarcely longer than the ovate 
roughly-pointed scale; achenium and style as in the last. — Woods 
and fields, very common. — C. Leavenwdrthii, as characterized by 
Prof. Dewey, differs only from this species in the smooth fruit; but 
an authentic specimen (in herb. Olney) has the margin and beak mi¬ 
nutely, but distinctly serrulate, and thus appears to be only a small 
form of C. cephalophora. 
24. C. Muhlenhergii, Schk. Spikes 5-7, closely approxi- 
wiate, forming an oblong head; perigynia orbicular-ovate, with a very 
short beak , prominently nerved on both sides , about the length of the 
ovate roughly-pointed scale; achenium orbicular, with a very short 
bulbous style. — Fields, New England to Michigan and westward. 
Plant 12'-18' high, pale green, commonly with a bract at the base of 
each spike. 
25. Cl* rosea, Schk. Spikes 4 — 6, the 2 uppermost approximate, 
the others all distinct and the lowest often remote; perigynia oblong 
(about 8-10 in each spike), narrow at the base, widely diverging at 
maturity, twice as long as the broadly-ovaXe obtuse scale. — Varies with 
weak slender culms, and small 3—4-flowered spikes. (Var. radiAta, 
Dew. C. neglecta, Tuckerman. C. disperma, Kunze , not of Dew.) 
Moist woods and meadows, common. 
26. Cl* retroflexa, Muhl. Spikes 4 — 5, all approximate, the 1 - 
2 lowest distinct but not remote ; perigynia (about 5 - 7 in each 
spike) ovate , or ovate-lanceolate, smooth on the margin and beak, not 
much exceeding the ovate-lanceolate pointed scale, widely spreading or 
reflexed at maturity. (C. rosea, var. retroflexa, Terr. Cyp .) — Copses 
and moist meadows; less common than the last, from which it is dis- 
