560 
CYPERACEJE. (SEDGE FAMILY.) 
bles the last; but the fertile spikes and perigynia are much smaller, 
and the beak of the latter is more abrupt, shorter, and straight. 
§ 10. Perigynia slightly inflated, obtusely 3-angled, nerved, rough or 
woolly, with an abrupt straight beak: bracts leaf-like, with short 
sheaths : scales dark-purple or brown. 
* Perigynia of a thick or somewhat leathery texture , with 2 short and 
diverging membranaceous teeth: bracts much exceeding the nearly 
smooth culm: staminate spikes 2-3, the uppermost stalked, the 
lower short and sessile: fertile spikes 1-2, usually 2, erect, remote, 
sessile or on very short stalks. — Lanuginosje. 
98. C* 11 li for Ill is, L. Fertile spikes ovoid or oblong , the up¬ 
per often staminate at the apex; perigynia ovoid , densely woolly, ob¬ 
scurely nerved, the orifice scarcely prolonged into a beak terminating in 
2 slightly hairy teeth; leaves and bracts narrow and involute; culm 
very slender. — Peat-bogs, N. New England to Michigan. 
99. C. lailllgilldsa, Michx. Fertile spikes oblong or cylindri¬ 
cal; perigynia ovoid , roughly hairy, conspicuously nerved , with a short 
but distinct beak terminating in 2 very hairy sharp teeth; leaves and 
bracts flat. (C. pelhta, Jl fuhl.) — Swamps and wet meadows, New 
England to Michigan. — Extremely like the last, from which it differs 
in the commonly longer fertile spikes, stouter culm, and flat leaves; 
but especially in the distinct flattish and hairy beak of the perigynium, 
with longer and sharper teeth. This species has often the fruit in a 
diseased state, when it becomes more inflated, of an orange color, and 
has an abortive achenium. 
* * Perigynia thin, downy, or roughly dotted , the beak terminating in 
a thin and scarious oblique orifice, either entire or slightly notched: 
bracts rigidly erect, shorter than the sharply triangular rough culm. 
— Scariosac. 
100. C. vestlta, Willd. Sterile spikes 1-2, the uppermost 
cylindrical, shortly stalked; fertile 1 -2, approximate, sessile, ovoid 
or oblong, sometimes staminate at the apex; perigynia ovoid, dtncny, 
with a slightly oblique beak terminated by a thin membranaceous notch¬ 
ed orifice, a little longer than the ovate pointed scale; leaves flat, 
shorter than the stout and rigid culm. — Sandy soils, growing in tufts, 
New England to New York and southward, rather° rare. —Resem¬ 
bling the 2 last in external appearance, but readily distinguished by 
the membranaceous beak of the fruit, which is red at the base and 
white and transparent at the orifice; and the style is twisted within 
the perigynium. 
101. C. Halsey ana, Dew. Sterile spikes 1-4, the upper¬ 
most on a long stalk; the lower short, often with a few fertile flowers 
at the base; fertile spike solitary , or rarely 2, remote, oblong-cylin¬ 
drical, sometimes staminate at the apex, erect, on partly exserted 
