564 
CYPERACEJE. (SEDGE FAMILY.) 
few staminate flowers at the apex ; perigynia awl-shaped , strongly re- 
flexed at maturity ; the orifice of the long slender beak furnished with 
2 sharp and rigidly deflexed teeth. (C. Colli nsii, Nutt. C. Michaiixii, 
Dew.) — Cedar swamps, Long Island, New Jersey, and southward. 
115. C. lupulina, Muhl. Fertile spikes 2-3, oblong-ovoid , 
erect, the upper approximate, the lower on more or less exserted 
stalks; perigynia erect , tapering from the ovoid very inflated base into 
a conical slightly serrulate beak, much longer than the lanceolate 
awned scale. — Var. polystXchya, Schw. & Torr., has 4-5 longer 
cylindrical fertile spikes, the lowest remote on a long peduncle; and 
the perigynia more distinctly serrulate on the angles of the beak.— 
Swamps and wet meadows, common — A coarse robust species, with 
very thick spikes 2'-3' in length; the leaves and long leafy bracts 
3-4 lines wide, very rough on the margin. 
§ 13. Perigynia much inflated , obovoid or obconic, few-nerved, smooth , 
with an extremely abrupt and very long slightly roughened beak , ter¬ 
minated by 2 distinct rather short membranaceous teeth, tawny- 
brown or straw-colored at maturity, spreading horizontally, or the 
lower deflexed: bracts leaf-like, much exceeding the culm.— 
SqUARROSJE. 
* Spikes 1-3, mostly solitary, very rarely 4-5, all of them princi¬ 
pally pistillate , with more or less staminate flowers at the base: 
sheaths of the upper bracts obsolete. 
116. C. squarrosa, L. Fertile spikes ovoid or oblong , obtuse 
and very thick, rigidly erect on short stalks; perigynia longer than 
the lanceolate pointed scales, which are nearly concealed by the 
densely-crowded bases of the mature fruit. (C. typhina, Michx.) — 
Low meadows and copses, New England to Michigan. —Remarkable 
for its densely-flowered thick spikes, about 1/ long, to which the 
spreading beaks of the perigynia give a bristly appearance. 
* * Spikes 4 — 7, the terminal one entirely staminate , small and linear, 
or with more or less fertile flowers at the apex, the rest all pistil¬ 
late : bracts very long, sheathing. 
117. C. Stenolepis, Torr. Fertile spikes cylindrical , obtuse, 
the upper approximated, nearly sessile on the zigzag stem, the lower 
remote on exserted stalks, all erect, very densely flowered; perigynia 
shorter than the long awn-like scales. (C. Fr&nkii, Kunth. C. 
Shortii, Steud ., not of Torr.) — Marshes, Ohio and south westward. 
Resembling the last; but the spikes are narrower and more numer¬ 
ous, and of a still more bristly appearance from the projecting points 
of the scales. Occasionally the spikes are all fertile, the uppermost 
having no staminate flowers. 
§ 14. Perigynia much inflated, nerved (nerveless in No. 126), smooth 
and shining , becoming straw-colored at maturity , with a tapering 
