614 
GRAMINEJ2. (grass family.) 
-m- ++. Leaves linear or lanceolate , with few or indistinct primary nerves. 
16. P. dicliotomuill, L.! Culms (8'-20' high) at first 
mostly simple, bearing a more or less exserted spreading compound 
panicle (l'-3' long), and lanceolate flat leaves (those tufted at the 
root usually ovate-lanceolate and very short, thickish); but commonly 
branching later in the season, the branches often clustered, and bear¬ 
ing nearly simple and included small panicles; spikelets to about V 1 
long ; oblong-obovate, downy or smooth; lower glume roundish , J to 
\ the length of the 5 -7-nerved upper one. 1J. — Founded on an au¬ 
tumnal state, much forked, with densely clustered lateral branchlets 
and panicles. (P. nodiflorum, Lam.) — Exhibits an interminable di¬ 
versity of forms; of which a shaggy-hairy variety is P. pubescens, 
Lam.; or with smaller spikelets, P. laxiflorum, Lam.; while the va¬ 
ried smooth or smoothish states with shining leaves are P. mtidum, 
Lam ., and the more slender forms P. barbulktum, Michx., and P. raniu- 
losum, Mickz ., fyc. — Dry or low grounds, common. June-August. 
17. P. (lepauperatuill, Muhl. Culms simple or branched 
from the base, forming close tufts (6'-12' high), terminated by a sim¬ 
ple and feic-flowered contracted panicle , often much overlojtped by the 
narrowly linear elongated (4'-7') upper leaves; spikelets 1 k fl to l" 
long , oval-obovate, commonly pointed when young ; the ovate loicer 
glume £ the length of the 9-nervcd upper one. 1J. (P. strictum, Pvrsh. 
P. rectum, Room, Schult.) — Varies, with the leaves often involute 
when dry (P. involutum, Torr.), and especially the sheaths beset 
with long hairs, or sometimes nearly smooth : the panicle partly in¬ 
cluded or oftener on a long and slender peduncle: spikelets sometimes 
less than l 11 long. — Dry woods and hills, common. June. 
■4- Loicer {neutral) flower destitute of an upper palea. 
IB. p. verrucosum, Muhl. Smooth; culms branching an 
spreading, very slender (l°-2° long), naked above ; leaves linear-lan¬ 
ceolate (2 ,; -3' ; wide), shining; branches of the diffuse panicle ca P l 
lary, few-flowered; spikelets oval , acute, long , warty-roughened (dar 
green), the lower glume ^ the length of the obscurely nerved upper 
one. 0 ? —Sandy swamps, N. Engl, and southward, near the coast. 
§ 3. Echinochloa, Beauv.— Spikelets imbricated-spiked on the branch 
es of the simple or compound raceme or panicle , rough with oppress 
ed stiff hairs: lower palea of the sterile flower awl-pointed or aicnf 
19. P. Crus-galli, L. (Barnyard-Grass.) Culms stout, 
branching from the base (l°-4° high); leaves lanceolate (£' or nl £ re 
wide), rough-margined, otherwise with the sheaths smooth , ^P 1 
alternate (l'-3 / long), crowded in a dense panicle ; glumes ovate, a 
ruptly pointed ; lower palea of the neutral flower bearing a roug 
awn of variable length. (T)—Varies greatly, sometimes awnless or 
nearly so; sometimes long-awned, and var. hispidum (P. hispii u i 
Muhl.) with the sheaths of the leaves very bristly. — Moist, chie . 
manured soil; the var. in ditches, usually near salt water. Aug., e P 
