642 
musci. (mosses.) 
(except in Nos. 1 - 4 ), and contain simple spores alone.— 
Reproductive organs of two kinds : 1. The sterile flower, 
consisting of numerous ( 4 - 20 ) minute cylindrical sacs (an- 
theridia) which discharge from their apex a mucous fluid 
filled with oval particles, and then perish. 2. The fertile 
flower, composed of numerous ( 4 - 20 ) flask-like bodies (pis- 
tillidia ), each having a membranous covering (calyptra) ter¬ 
minated by a long cylindrical funnel-mouthed tube (style). 
The ripened pistillidium (seldom more than one in a flower 
maturing) becomes the capsule , which is rarely indehiscent 
or splitting by 4 longitudinal slits, but usually opens by a lid 
(operculum) : beneath the lid and arising from the mouth 
of the capsule are commonly either 1 or 2 rows of rigid 
processes (collectively the peristome) which are always some 
multiple of four : those of the outer row are called teeth , of 
the inner cilia . An elastic ring of cells (annulus) lies be¬ 
tween the rim of the capsule and operculum. The powdery 
particles filling the capsule are spores . The thread-like 
stalk (pedicel) supporting the capsule is inserted into the 
elongated torus (vaginula) of the flower. The pedicel con¬ 
tinued through the capsule forms the columella : enlarged 
under the capsule it sometimes forms an apophysis. The 
calyptra separating early at its base is carried up on the apex 
of the capsule ; if it splits on one side it is hood-shaped or 
cuculliform , if not, it is mitre-shaped or mitriform. Inter¬ 
mixed with the reproductive organs are cellular jointed fila- 
ments ( paraphyses ). The leaves surrounding the antheridia 
are called the perigonial leaves, those around the pistillidia 
or pedicel the perichcetial leaves. 
Artificial Analysis* 
I. ACROCARPI.—Fruit terminal. 
§ 1. Capsule without a lid. » Irregularly ruptured. 
1. Archidium. Calyptra torn irregularly at the middle, no apophysis- 
2. Phascum. Calyptra circumscissile at base, no apophysis. 
