686 
HEPATIOE. (LIVERWORTS.) 
saccate; amphigastria oblong, 2-clefl; perianth pear-shaped, with 5 
crested wings. — On roots of trees, Ohio. A very minute species, 
scarcely visible to the naked eye. 
4. E. cucullata, Nees. Stems filiform, rather pinnately 
branched; leaves oblong-ovate, distant , the lower margin injlexed- 
hooded ; amphigastria oval, 2-cleft, perianth obovate, rather com¬ 
pressed, obtusely keeled beneath, convex on the back and 2 keeled 
near the apex. — Moist rocks near the ground, Alleghany Mountains. 
A minute, flaccid species, with light pea-green foliage. 
13. FRULLANIA, Raddi. Frullania. 
Fructification terminal on proper branches. Involucral leaves 2 
or 4, two-lobed, not auriculate. Perianth oval or obovate, terete 
or 3 - 4-angled, mucronate at the apex by a tubular mouth : pistil- 
lidia 2 or 4. Calyptra pear-shaped, persistent, furnished with a 
style, rupturing below the apex. Capsule pedicelled, globular, 
4-cleft halfway down ; the valves erect-spreading. Elaters trun¬ 
cate at both ends, with one spiral fibre, adherent to the valves, 
erect. Spores large, irregular, minutely muricate. Inflorescence 
dioecious. Antheridia in the saccate base of closely imbricated 2- 
lobed perigonial leaves. Stem-leaves 2-ranked, incubous, 2-lobed, 
the lower lobe usually an inflated helmet-shaped appendage (au¬ 
ricle). Amphigastria entire or 2-toothed, throwing out rootlets 
from their base. (A personal name.) 
1. F. Gray an a, Montagne. Stems creeping , simply pinnate, 
leaves nearly orbicular , concave , decurced , marked in the middle by a 
necklace-form line; auricle oblong-club-shaped , emarginate at the 
lower end; involucral leaves unequally 2-cleft, the dorsal segment 
oblong, pointed, nearly entire, the ventral awl-shaped ; amphigastria 
oblong, flat, 2-clefl, the sinus obtuse ; perianth pear-shaped, 3-sided, 
obtusely keeled beneath. — On trees and rocks, frequent. Foliage 
glossy, varying from deep purplish-brown to dark green. — (Very near 
F. Tamarisci, if not a form of it.) 
2. F. Virgiftlica, Lehra. Stems creeping , vaguely branched , 
leaves nearly ovate , entire, concave, auricle expanded into a lanceolate 
lamina; amphigastria round-ovate, double the width of the stem, ~* 
cleft; perianth pear-shaped, rather compressed, tuberculate, 4-kcelc 
beneath , 2 - 4-keeled on the back, the keels crested. (F. dilateta, Muse. 
Alleghan. No. 267, partly.) — Rocks and trees, common. 
3. F. Eboraceiisis, Lehm. Stems creeping , fasciculately 
branched ; stem-leaves loosely disposed (the rameal imbricated), round- 
ovate ; amphigastria ovate, a little wider than the stem ; perianth 
