690 HEPATICiE. (LIVERWORTS.) 
20. MASTIOOBRYUI, Nees. Great Scale-Moss. 
Fructification terminal, on short proper branches, arising from 
the axils of the amphigastria. Involucral leaves small, narrow, 
acutely incised at the apex. Perianth elongated, 3-angular, the 
mouth 3 toothed. Calyptra membranaceous. Capsule pedicelled, 
4-valved. Elaters with two spiral fibres. Antheridia on short 
branches from the axils of the amphigastria, 2 in each perigonial 
leaf. Stem-leaves incubous, imbricated, oblique, decurved, usually 
3- toothed at the apex. Stems forked and sparingly branched; 
the branches obtuse ; rootlet-like runners (furnished with minute 
leaves) proceeding from the axils of the amphigastria (whence the 
name, from pacml;, a whip or lash , and fipvov, Moss). 
1. H. trilobatum, Nees. Leaves ovate , antrorsely gibbous at 
the dorsal base, broad and acutely 3-toothed at the apex ; amphigastria 
4- 6 -toothed, the teeth denticulate. — On the damp ground, Alleghany 
Mountains and northward. Stems 3'- 5' long; the foliage firm, va¬ 
rying from olive-green to brownish-yellow. 
2. HI* dcflexiim, Nees. Leaves ovate or ovate-oblong , the dor¬ 
sal margin arched, the narrow apex 2 -3-toothed or entire; amphigas¬ 
tria 2-cfeft, crenate or entire. — Rocky places. Yariable, much smaller 
than the last; fragile, of a dark brownish hue. 
21. CALYPOGEIA, Raddi. Calypogeia. 
Involucral leaves none. Perianth oblong, saccate, truncate, 
fleshy, hairy, attached by one side of its mouth to the stem, pen¬ 
dulous. Calyptra membranaceous, partly connate with the pe¬ 
rianth. Capsule pedicelled from the bottom of the perianth, ob- 
long, twisted, 4-valved ; the valves narrow and contorted. Elaters 
with two spiral fibres. Antheridia on short lateral capitate 
branches, one in each of the scale-like perigonial leaves. Stem- 
leaves incubous, entire or 2-toothed. Amphigastria 2-cleft. 
(Name compounded of #cd\v£; flower-cup , wo, under , and yata, 
the ground; from the position of the fructification.) 
1- Triclldmanfs, Corda. Leaves roundish-ovate, obtuse, 
spreading, imbricated; perianths imbedded in the soil. — Moist, springy 
places, on the ground. Foliage delicate, pale glaucous-green. 
22. GEOCALYX, Nees. Geocalyx. 
Fructification, &c., nearly as in No. 21, but the valves of the 
capsule straight. Antheridia on spike-like lateral branches, in 
