694 
HEPATICJE. (LIVERWORTS.) 
11. J. intermedia, Lindenberg. Stems prostrate, almost 
simple; leaves roundish-quadrate, 2-cleft; the upper ones crowded into 
heads and 3-4-cleft; involucral leaves 3-4-cleft, slightly serrate, con¬ 
nate at the base ; perianth short, ovate-triangular, the mouth plaited, 
denticulate. — On the ground : a small species. 
* * * Leaves nearly orbicular, undivided; amphig. different or obsolete. 
12. J. SCUtata, Weber. Stems procumbent ; leaves half vertical, 
emarginate-2-toothed ; the teeth straight and acute; involucral leaves 
2 - 3-toothed ; amphigaslria large, ovate-triangular, 1 - 2-toothed on 
the margin near the base; perianth obovate, the mouth plaited, den¬ 
ticulate. — Old logs, &c.: a minute species. 
13. J. Scliraderi, Martius. Stems creeping , flexuous; leaves 
elliptical-orbicular, ascending ; outer involucral leaves large, elongat¬ 
ed, entire or emarginate, spreading at the apex; the inner smaller, 
more or less laciniated; amphigaslria obsolete; perianth oval-obovate; 
t e mouth plaited-lobed, its lobes ciliate. — Decayed logs, &c., com¬ 
mon. Foliage often dark purple. 
* * * * Leaves unequally complicate-2-lobed (i. e. infolded together ) : 
the involucral 3 - 5 -cleft : perianth oblong, obtuse, plaited. 
14. J. exsecta, Schm. Stems ascending; dorsal lobe of the 
leaves small, acute ; ventral lobe concave , acute or 2-toothed. — Boggy 
places, decayed wood, &c. 
15. X* Oldtisifolia, Hook. Stems ascending, simple; lobes 
of the leaves oblong, obtuse or acute, minutely denticulate , the ventral 
scymetar-shaped ; the dorsal smaller, oblique. — Dry, hilly situations, 
on the ground. 
27* SCAPAlflA, Lindenberg. Scapania. 
Fructification terminal. Involucral leaves 2, larger than the 
cauhne. Perianth compressed, parallel to the plane of the stem, 
the mouth entire or ciliate-toothed. Pistillidia few. Calyptra 
membranaceous. Capsule 4-valved. Elaters with 2 spiral fibres. 
Antheridia in the angles of small and saccate equally 2-lobed peri- 
gonial leaves. Stem-leaves succubous, complicate - 2 -lobed, the 
dorsal lobe smaller. Amphigastria none. (Name probably from 
vicairdv ,, a shovel; from the shape of the lobes of the leaves.) 
,1. S. nemorosa, Nees. Stems ascending, crowded ; leaves 
ciliate-toothed, each lobe convex, obtuse; the ventral obovate, oblique, 
twice as large as the other. - Common on moist banks, <&c. A varia- 
ble species, 4' to 3' long, pale yellow, green or purple : texture of the 
leaf rather firm. 
2. S. ll aid ll hit a, N. & M. Leaves ciliate-denticulate or entire, 
loose, spreading ; lobes rounded-trapezoidal, the upper half the size of 
