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JUGLANDACEJE. (WALNUT FAMILY.) 
2. J. lligra., L. (Black Walnut.) Leaves ovate-lanceolate, 
taper-pointed, somewhat heart-shaped or unequal at the base, smooth 
above, the lower surface and the petioles minutely downy; fruit spher¬ 
ical, roughly dotted, the nut corrugated. — Rich woods, rare in the 
Eastern, common in the Western States. May: fruit ripe in Oct. —A 
large, handsome tree, with brown bark, and valuable purplish-brown 
wood turning blackish with age. Seed sweet, more pleasant-tasted 
and less oily than the butternut, but greatly inferior to the European 
walnut (J. rhgia). 
CABVA, Nutt. Hickory. 
Sterile flowers in slender lateral catkins which are mostly in 
threes on a common peduncle: calyx naked, unequally 3-parted. 
Stamens 3 - 8 : filaments nearly wanting. Fertile flowers 2-3 
together at the end of the branches, with a 4-toothed calyx : pe¬ 
tals none. Stigma large, 4-lobed. Fruit globular, with a some¬ 
what fleshy and at length leathery epicarp or husk, which splits 
into 4 valves, and falls away when ripe from the smooth and slight¬ 
ly 4-6-angled incompletely 4-celled endocarp or nut-shell.— 
Trees with hard and very tough wood, and odd-pinnate leaves of 
5-9 leaflets ; the two sorts of flowers from the same scaly buds 
with these, the sterile aments borne below the leaves. Pith con¬ 
tinuous. (K apva, an ancient name of the Walnut.) All flower 
in May, and shed their nuts in October. 
* Seed edible and delicious : valves of the husk very thick, falling away 
from the nut in 4 separate pieces at maturity: hark of old trunks ex¬ 
foliating in shaggy strips or plates. 
1. C. stlba, Nutt. (Shell-bark or Shag-bark Hickory.) 
Leaflets 5, minutely downy underneath, finely serrate, the 3 upper 
obovate-lanceolate, the lower pair much smaller and oblong-lanceolate, 
all taper-pointed ; fruit depressed-globular ; nut somewhat flattened, 
nearly pointless, with a rather thin whitish shell and a large kernel. 
Rich moist woods ; common. A tall and handsome tree, the old 
trunks very rough from the exfoliation of the outer part of the bark, 
which loosens in large strips adhering by the middle or one end : 
wood valuable as timber, and especially for fuel; while the fruit fur¬ 
nishes the principal hickory nuts of the market. Buds scaly and very 
conspicuous in spring. 
2. c. sulcata, Nutt. (Thick Shell-bark Hickory.) Leaf- 
ets 7-9, obovate-lanceolate, sharply serrate, downy underneath; 
fruit oval , 4 -ribbed above the middle with intervening furrows; nut 
strongly pointed , slightly flattened, with a thick yellowish shell. — 
