555 
CYPERACEJ2. (SEDGE FAMILY.) 
woods and copses, common. — A very variable species, as to the 
breadth of the leaves and length of the spikes; the culms are usually 
flattened or 2-edged above. A further variety occurs with the broad 
leaves and slender spikes of var. 2, but having the obovoid shortly- 
pointed fruit of var. 1, differing in the latter respect from the plant 
figured as C. plantaginea by Schkuhr. 
77. C. oligoc&rpa, Schk. Fertile spikes small , 3-8-flower- 
ed; the point of the perigynium slightly oblique , not recurved; style 
very short, thickened towards the base ; leaves rough only on the 
edge, sheaths smooth. (C. Sartwellikna, Gay.) —Woods, W. New 
York to Ohio.—Culm slender, 8'-12' long, fertile spikes & in 
length. (Vide Gray, in Sill Jour. 42, p. 14.) 
78. C. Hitchcockiaiia, Dew. Fertile spikes very loosely 
3-4 flowered; sheaths and upper side of the leaves roughly pubescent.— 
Woods, New England to N. and W. New York.— Culm l°-2° 
stouter than the last, with very scabrous sheaths. The fruit is also 
larger ( 24 " long), but in other respects the plants are extremely similar. 
§ 5. Perigynia without a beak, smooth or downy , not inflated , obovoid- 
triquetrous, with a minute obliquely-bent white and membranaceous 
point, reddish-brown or olive-colored at maturity: bracts reduced to 
colored sheaths , or with a short green prolongation: leaves all radi¬ 
cal, narrow or bristle-shaped. — DigitAt^:. 
79. C. eburnea, Boott. Sterile spike solitary ; the fertile 3- 
4, erect , about ^flowered , approximated and elevated on long stalks 
above the staminate spike; the lowest sometimes a little remote ; peri¬ 
gynia obscurely nerved, smooth and shining, rather longer than the 
broad and obtuse membranaceous whitish scale. (C. dlba, var. seti- 
folia, Dew. C. paupercula, Torr ., not of Michx.) — Limestone rocks, 
N. New England to Michigan and northward. — A delicate species, 
4'-10' high, with bristle-shaped leaves, forming dense tufls. The 
fertile spikes do not exceed 2"-3" in length, and are about 1" broad. 
80. C. pedunculata, Muhl. Spikes 3-5, commonly 4, the 
uppermost sterile with 2-3 fertile flowers at the base , the rest fertile 
with a few staminate flowers at the apex , all on long stalks, remote , 1 - 
2 of the lowest near the base of the culm; sheaths with green tips 
much shorter than the stalks; perigynia with a long attenuated base 
and a minutely notched orifice, somewhat downy, especially on the an¬ 
gles, about the length of the broadly-obovate abruptly awned or point¬ 
ed dark-purple scale. —Dry woods and rocky hill-sides, N. New 
England to Penn., not common—Culms 4'-10' high prostrate at 
maturity, growing in tufls partly concealed by the very long and nar¬ 
row grassy leaves. 
§ 6. Perigynia with a straight or slightly bent more or less abrupt beak, 
hairy , not inflated , terminating in a membranaceous note e or 
