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are often substituted for the official seed and are considerably used 
in Europe as a carminative and condiment. 
CaScCARA SAGRADA (Rhamnus Purshiana) U.S.P. Found in 
the mountain ranges of the Pacific States and in southwestern 
Canada. The bark is stripped from the tree and aged for one year 
before use. The ageing process reduces the griping and irritation 
oftentimes produced by the green bark. Cascara is one of the 
best tonic laxatives and is so employed in every civilized country. 
Castor BEAN (ficinus communis) N.O. This large herba- 
ceous annual is a native of tropical Asia where it attains the size 
of a tree. The seeds are bean like and very attractive in appear- 
ance, no two being exactly alike in markings. Although the crude 
drug is not official, the oil (Oleum Ricini) is U.S.P. The castor 
oil of medicine and industry is obtained by expression of the seeds, 
the cold pressed oil being superior in quality and taste to the hot 
pressed article. Nevertheless it is quite unpalatable, very heavy 
and viscid, and generally difficult to administer. It 1s a prompt 
and efficient cathartic. The coats of the seed contain a deadly 
poison. 
Catnip (Nepeta Cataria), Catmint, N.F. Catnip is a tall per- 
ennial herb of Europe and Asia, now thoroughly naturalized in 
— 
the United States. The leaves and top are medicinal and have a 

strong characteristic odor. The infusion is used as a carminative 
for infants, and also as an aromatic bitter. 
CHAMOMILE (Anthemis nobilis), Roman chamomile, N.O. 
> 
jt 
‘his plant has been cultivated for centuries in Europe, especially 
in england, and has been long used in domestic medicine. It is 
one of the best of the aromatic bitters and stomachics, similar to 
Matricaria in this respect. The dried flowers of this species of 
Anthemis, decorative with its finely divided leaves, are employed 
to brew an aromatic tea which is reputed to quiet the nerves. It 
is served “piping hot” to patrons in some of the exclusive Beauty 
Shops of New York City. 
CHAMOMILE, WiLp (Matricaria Chamomilla) N.I.  Vhe flower 
heads of this perennial European weed have been used in decoc- 
tion form as a domestic remedy to abort colds since antiquity. It 
is one of the mildest aromatic bitters and is given in rather large 
