205 
common garden rhubarb or pie plant R. rhaponticum is a botanical 
relative. The medicinal rhubarb is one of the best bitter tonics 
and laxative drugs in materia medica. 
Rosemary (fosmarinus officinalis) N.O. Rosemary is a na- 
tive of the countries surrounding the Mediterranean, being exten- 
sively cultivated for its beauty and fragrance. The parts used in 
medicine are the flowering tops which have a powerful diffusive 
camphoraceous odor due to the volatile oil. It is a stimulant, 
carminative, and diaphoretic, and is much used in perfumery. Al- 
though the crude drug is not official, the oil, Olewm Rosmarini, 
U.S.P. is official. 
SAFFLOWER (Carthamus tinctorius), False saffron, N.OQ.  An- 
nual, cultivated in India and Mexico for the drug market where it 
is known as American saffron. It is used as a coloring agent and 
also to some extent in dyeing and rouge-making. In domestic 
practice the hot infusion is often employed as a diaphoretic. 
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— 

Fic. 12. Ancient distillation, pictured (fancifully in all probability) as 
taking place in a garden where, besides the two apothecaries, two women are 
engaged in gathering medicinal plants. From Hermann Peters, Pictorial 
History of Ancient Pharmacy. English translation by William Netter. 
Chicago, 1889. (10,602) 
— 
