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Pusiic INSTRUCTION 
The second Curatorship established at the Garden was that of 
Public Instruction, and the appointment of Dr. E. W. Olive to 
develop this field took effect September 1, 1912. The scope of the 
activities of the Department was outlined in great detail in the 
Record for April, 1913. The work rapidly expanded, and Miss 
Elen Eddy Shaw was added to the staff on September 1, 1913. 
On January 1, 1915, she was appointed Assistant Curator of Public 
Instruction, and one year later, Curator of Elementary Instruction, 
a separate Department being organized. Miss Shaw has devel- 
oped this phase of the educational work into one of the outstanding 
features, which has brought world-wide fame to the Garden. An 
Assistant Curatorship of Elementary Instruction was established 
on January 1, 1916, when Miss Jean A. Cross was appointed, 
serving until December 31, 1919. Miss Elsie T. Hammond filled 
the position from September 1, 1921 until March 31, 1930, and was 
succeeded by Miss Margaret M. Dorward. 
Dr. Olive resigned July 1, 1920. Since September 1, 1921, Dr. 
Arthur Harmount Graves has administered the activities of the 
Department of Public Instruction, developing and greatly expand- 
ing the work. In both Departments of Instruction, many indi- 
vidual instructors have had a prominent part in carrying on the 
classroom and laboratory studies, which deal with a wide range of 
botanical and horticultural subjects. Staff members of other de- 
partments have also aided in phases in which they were especially 
qualified. 
Guidance of the educational program of the Botanic Garden 
for the past thirty. years has been based on two fundamental prin- 
ciples. The first of these was the importance of public education 
and the dissemination of botanical knowledge. Upon one occasion 
Dr. Gager wrote: “Public education is the Pe important activity 
in which a botanic garden can engage.... ' what use to extend 
the borders of erie Ige if the new eee is not made avail- 
able to the public? Knowledge is power only when put into 
circulation, otherwise it is only potential energy, producing no 
results.” “Botanical knowledge, like all knowledge, is primarily 
for the public; otherwise it has no justification. This thought 
