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of roses. They are sucking- insects and must be sprayed with a 

 contact insecticide. We use nicotine-soap solution — Yi pint 40% 

 nicotine, 2 lbs. soap, 50 gallons water (I teaspoonful nicotine, 

 % oz. soap powder, 1 gallon water). This must be sprayed on 

 so that it comes in contact with the insects. Massey dust may 

 be obtained with a nicotine content sufficient to kill aphids. It 

 is thus possible to kill several "birds" with one stone! 



Oyster-shell scales and San Jose scales sometimes attack the 

 stems and branches of roses when cultural treatment necessitates 

 a more or less permanent top growth. Rugosa hybrids seem to 

 be especially susceptible. The remedy for scale insects is to cut 

 out the branches most affected, if it does not spoil the shape of 

 the bush, and thoroughly spray with lime-sulphur (winter 

 strength), or a miscible oil, used according to directions of the 

 manufacturer, just before growth starts in the spring. When 

 the bushes are badly infested it may be necessary to spray again 

 with nicotine-soap solution in early June when the young scales 

 have just emerged from the eggs. 



Winter Protection 



When the foliage has been killed by frost the bush roses likely 

 to be injured (Teas and Hybrid Teas) by the winters that we 

 experience here are hilled up with soil taken from between the 

 rows. The trenches thus made are tilled with partly decayed 

 cow manure, taking care to prevent it from coming in contact 

 with the rose stems. This serves to j^rotect the roots and to 

 maintain fertility. The day after Christmas our truck visits 

 neighborhood stores that deal in Christmas trees and collects the 

 left-over trees (firs only). The branches are stripped from these 

 and placed among the roses so that the tops of the latter are 

 sheltered from wind and shaded from the sun. If, as sometimes 

 happens, there is no glut of C^hristmas trees, we make use of salt 

 hay and various ornamental grasses [Eulalia, etc.). The Tea 

 roses being slightly more tender have a board fence two feet high 

 built around them and an overhead cox^ering ot lath screens 

 which shelter the roses but permit a free circulation of air. 



Tender climbing roses — Climbing Hybrid Teas, Cloire de 

 Dijon, Emily Gray, Jacotte, etc. — receive a protective covering 



