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planted out in sandy soil with the point of union below the soil 

 surface. Mr. Kern says: "In this type of grafting my plan is to 

 obtain as many callusing or contact surfaces as possible. I place 

 most reliance upon the blunt and exposed ends of the split scion for 

 the maximum amount of callus and of subsequent root formation." 

 Fig. 12. If, when the grafts are transplanted, the privet has not 

 been entirely smothered by the lilac roots, presumably one could 

 help matters along by cutting it off with knife or shears, assuming, 

 of course, that the lilac has formed sufficient roots of its own to be 

 able to carry on satisfactorily. 



Fig. 13. Shield budding. Cutting the hud from hud-stick. 



An adaptation of the method can be used in summer grafting In- 

 grafting the scion on three-inch privet cuttings and then inserting 

 the grafts in sand in a shaded coldframe and managing them in 

 essentially the same way as one would soft-wood cuttings. 



While at the Brooklyn Botanic Garden our policy is to propagate 

 varieties of lilacs by soft-wood cuttings, we have in the past had 

 success in budding them on privet cuttings. The method was to 



