34 



Mr. Guy A. K. Marshall and Mr. C. F. M. Swynnerton, I am 

 able to show the great series now before you. The whole of the 

 females are seen to be hippocoon, but cenea and trophonius also 

 occur, although they are relatively rare. The Oxford University 

 Collection possesses two of each, but these are kept in the special 

 mimicry series, together with their models from the same patch 

 of forest. It is interesting to notice that the Chirinda Danaine 

 models of cenea, namely Amauris albimaculata and Am. 

 lohengula, are together far commoner than Am. niavius domini- 

 canus, the model of hippocoon, but that nevertheless the latter 

 Danaine, with its far more conspicuous appearance, has pro- 

 duced a much stronger eñect on the mimetic female forms of 

 dardanus (see p. 31). Turning to the males, it will be seen that 

 the series from Chirinda is intermediate between the more heavily 

 marked tibuUus of the north and the less heavily marked 

 cenea of the south. There is great individual variation, and 

 some of the males would be placed in one category, some in 

 the other. 



We now come to the subspecies cenea, from Cape Colony and 

 Natal. The specimens in the first drawer are of historic interest 

 in that they provided the first evidence obtained by breeding, 

 but not from a known female parent, that the Protean forms of 

 dardanus belong to a single species. The drawer contains two 

 trophonius and two cenea females bred in 1873-4, near King 

 William's Town, in the south-east of Cape Colony, by the late J. P. 

 Mansel Weale ^ ; also one trophonius, one hippocoon, two cenea, 

 and one intermediate form collected by the same naturalist in 

 1870-4. These specimens, purchased for the University Collection 

 ini878, undoubtedly convinced Professor Westwood that Roland 

 Trimen's conclusions were perfectly sound. I well remember 

 being shown these very specimens by Westwood, and the en- 

 thusiasm with which he explained that in the Madagascar repre- 

 sentative of P. merope, as dardanus was then called, the female 

 resembled the male, while the continental females appeared with 

 all kinds of patterns widely different from each other and even 

 more widely different from their own male. I am glad to make 

 this fact known, and to be able to show that, a few years after 

 the following passage was published by Roland Trimen, my 

 ^ Trans. Eni. Soc, Loud., 1877, p. 269. 



