153 



species, and the fine series of Precis bred in Mashonaland by 

 G. A. K. Marshall, proving the specific identity of the very 

 different seasonal forms found in the African species of this 

 genus. In many of Marshall's experiments, and in those of Col. 

 Manders in Ceylon, the effects of artificial temperature and 

 humidity were tested. 



5. The large amount of material in which the Mendelian 

 relationship has been tested : 



{a) British species of the Prout-Bacot-Alexander 

 experiments on Acidalia virgularia, and of man\' other 

 experiments made by A. Bacot. 



[h) Ethiopian species tested by the Rev. K. St. Aubyn 

 Rogers and W. A. Lamborn. 



6. The large amount of indirect evidence of attacks made 

 upon butterflies, furnished by the injuries to the wings of fresh 

 specimens. This material, principally Ethiopian, is mainh' due 

 to Marshall, Lamborn, and Dr. G. B. Longstaff. Associated 

 with it are specimens showing directive marks diverting the 

 attention of an enemy from the vital parts, and the injuries 

 commonly found at such spots. These were principally collected 

 by Marshall and by Longstaff, who has made a special study 

 of attitudes, especially in the Lycœnidce, serving to display 

 these features. 



7. Specimens in which scents — sexual, in the males ; probably 

 aposematic, in both sexes — have been detected, principally by 

 Dr. F. A. DiXEY and Dr. G. B. Longstaff. 



8. Predaceous insects and their prey, illustrated by a very 

 large collection, principally of Asilidœ and Empidœ. We here 

 probably meet the chief enemies (except parasites) of the dis- 

 tasteful species. This material has been collected by a large 

 number of naturalists, the British especially by Col. J. \V. Yer- 

 BURY and A. H. Hamm. 



g. The material figured in published plates. Each set of 

 specimens is maintained in its original order beside a copy 

 of the plate itself, thus facilitating the study of the original 

 memoir. This method of display has been applied especially 

 to the Ethiopian material, and also to the many mimetic 

 combinations among Bornean insects described b}- the late 

 R. Shelford. 

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