i6 



He took a fertile female on April i6th, 1879, and on May 14th 

 introduced her to workers of a colony taken the same day. 



The workers displayed great excitement and clustered round 

 the queen, who was immediately accepted, and was subse- 

 quently often seen attended in the galleries of the nest. 



Crawley found an incipient colony of Aphcenogaster fulva, 

 subsp. aquia, on September i8th, 1909, near Cleveland, Ohio. 

 The nest was under a stone in a very dry, sandy locality, and 

 contained a fertile queen and six or eight workers. Crawley 

 took the queen and four workers, and brought them to England 

 in October, where they were established in a Janet nest. The 

 queen began to lay early in October, and the small bunch of 

 eggs was invariably held in her mandibles or in those of a worker. 



Honey, flies, and larvie of other species were given the ants 

 as food, but they never touched anything until May 29th, 1910, 

 when the queen fed on a small fly. This was the first food 

 eaten for over eight months. The first of the four workers died 

 on December 12th, 1909, and the last on June 20th, 1910. The 

 eggs did not hatch until June 24th, having remained unchanged 

 for the unprecedented time of nearly nine months. The young 

 larvai grew rapidly, as they were regularly fed by the queen, 

 who now readily devoured flies and other insects. 



The first larva pupated on July 28th, 1910, and reached the 

 perfect state on August 21st, when there were three pupae. The 

 queen assisted the young workers to get rid of their pupal skins. 

 The remaining three pupae hatched in due course, and by the 

 end of September the colony consisted of four workers, the 

 queen, larvae, and eggs. While the number of the workers was 

 so small, the queen herself continued to take in food and feed 

 the larvae, assisted in the latter operation only by the workers. 

 The young workers were afraid to attack a still living fly, and used 

 to seek the queen's assistance. On crossing antennae with a 

 worker alarmed by the presence of the fly, the queen opened 

 her mandibles, went straight to the fly, and having dispatched 

 it, left the task of cutting it up to her workers. 



Later, when the number of workers was greater, the queen 

 herself used to retire and allow the workers to kill the flies. The 

 eggs laid by the queen in the summer and autumn of 1910 again 

 passed the winter unchanged and hatched in the spring. By 



