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door of the nest. Presently the workers entered the nest, and 

 the female of her own accord followed them. Ants saluted her, 

 and only two attacked her for a short time, and finally she 

 was accepted as queen. Shortly after this the workers killed 

 all the ten winged females that were in the nest, a proceeding 

 that we have noticed several times with this ant, niger, and 

 others under similar circumstances. 



In 1899 CR.A.WLEY took three fertilised females after the 

 marriage-flight and put them in a nest with pupie and one hundred 

 strange workers on August 15th. All were friendly, and by the 

 2 ist all three females had laid eggs. One of the females died, and 

 her decapitated body was found outside the nest. No attacking 

 had been noticed, and the colony existed for some time with 

 the two remaining queens. 



On the other hand, instances of colonies, both with and 

 without queens of their own, refusing strange queens are more 

 numerous. Lubbock records five failures of this kind, and 

 Crawley two in 1893 and 1910, and had others not recorded. 



L. niger. — The females of L. niger, alienus, and emarginatus 

 are even better adapted for founding their own colonies than 

 those of flavus, inasmuch as they are larger in proportion to 

 their males and workers. A great many colonies have been 

 brought up in captivity by females, and several observed in 

 nature. 



In August 1873 FoREL received a piece of marl containing a 

 fertile female of niger alone in a cell with a small batch of eggs. 



Farren White records finding at Lulworth in 1881 a single 

 deälated female of alienus with three or four pupae. 



At Wellington College in April 1903 Crawley turned up a 

 solitary niger female in a heap of sand. Under these circum- 

 stances it was not possible to see whether the female was in an 

 enclosed cell. No eggs or larvae were found. 



Again, in September 1904, Janet found under a small stone 

 a deälated female niger alone in a cell with a small batch of 

 eggs. When placed in a plaster nest, she showed her capability 

 to work, by building up a barrier with fragments of cork at each 

 end of a gallery between two chambers. In this case the first 

 workers did not emerge till the following spring. 



At Ouchy, Switzerland, on June 3rd, 1905, Crawley found 



