70 



Wheeler, as mentioned above, found winged females of 

 Anergates escaping from a nest in Switzerland in 1907. Fertilised 

 females were taken and placed near the openings of eight nests 

 of Tetramoritim in Forel's garden. The females entered some of 

 the nests without attracting much attention. In other instances 

 the females were carried into the nests by the workers. Males, 

 on the other hand, were treated with some animosity, carried 

 away, and abandoned. One vigorous colony, however, behaved 

 differently : the males and females placed near the entrance 

 were seized, pulled about, and carried some distance awa}'. 

 Late in the afternoon two nests, that had been entered without 

 protest by females in the morning, refused to allow additional 

 parasites placed near the openings to enter. 



Wheeler concludes that the reception of the parasites b}' 

 the Tetramormm under natural conditions is not so simple 

 as the observations of Adlerz and Wasmann on artificial nests 

 would lead one to suppose. 



A colony of Anergates, consisting of an obese queen, about 

 thirty winged females, a few males, and a large number of Tetra- 

 morium workers, was dug up in the New Forest on July 23rd 

 and transferred to an artificial nest. The Tetramorium workers 

 readily received some strange worker pupae of their own species, 

 and brought them to maturit}'. The contrary, it will be re- 

 membered, was observed b}- Wasmann. 



On July 24th Crawley observed copulation to take place 

 inside the nest, and some of the females subsequently removed 

 their wings without having made any attempt to leave the nest. 



Soon after, one of the newly-deälated females was seen to be 

 dragging a Tetramorium worker b}^ the last joint of the club of 

 the antennae. The worker was doubled up and appeared dead, 

 but in a few moments revived and tried to get free. Several 

 workers examined the pair. Soon four females were observed 

 to be holding workers by the tips of the antennae : two of these 

 females were deälated, and each of the other two had only one 

 wing remaining. The females dragged the unfortunate workers 

 all over the nest and into the light chamber. Late that evening 

 there were five such pairs ; in each case the worker was dragged 

 about on its back, doubled up. Twice workers were seen to 

 pull one of these females by a leg. These females continued to 



