293 



Fig. 5. — Map of the geographical distribution of the Helicidœ, showing 



the intimate connection of Evolution and Phylogcny with 



Distribution, and — in connection witli Fig. 4 — the directions 



of the migratory streams. 

 The Horizontal lines indicate the area naturally occupied by 



Belogona Siphonadenia, the most advanced group, whose 



metropolis is in North Central Europe. 

 The Circlets represent the regions occupied by Belogona Euadenia, 



\vho.se centres are now in Eastern Asia and the Pacific coasts 



of North and Central America. 

 The Black dots show the regions occupied by the lipiphallogona ; 



their centres are now in the Austro-Malayan islands and in 



the north of South America. 

 The Upright lines indicate the Protogona ; they are found in 



Australasia, Africa, the Argentine, and Eastern North America. 

 The Sinuate lines show where the generalised Haplogona are 



still dominant, viz. Antarctica and its vicinity, and the arid 



central region of North America. 

 Fig. 6. — Geographical distribution of the Earthworms, illustrating the 



essential and remarkable harmony of the distribution with 



their probable phylogeny. 

 The Horizontal lines indicate the natural distributional area of 



the Lumbricidœ. 

 The Circlets that of the sub-dominant Megascolecidce. 

 The Black spots are spread over the regions now chictfy occupied 



by the Geoscolecidœ. 

 The Vertical lines show the countries to which the Acantho- 



drilidce have retreated and to which they are now restricted. 

 Fig. 7. — ^lap of the distribution of the Marsh Titmou.se {Parus palustris), 



showing the identity of their route of dispersal with that 



of other and diverse groups (after Rüssel Wallack). 

 Fig. 8. — Map of the British distribution of Coleóptera (after ]\Ir. \V. E. 



Sharp), illustrating its essential agreement with that of other 



forms of life. 

 The Horizontal lines indicate the area of distribution of the 



dominant or " Teutonic " species. 

 The Circlets the present range of the regressive " Celtic " or 



Northern group. 

 The Black spots indicate the areas where representatives of 



the " Lusitanian " or " Atlantic " group still linger. 

 The Black patches represent the i.solated districts where the 



south and .south-western species are found at the present day. 

 Fig. g. — Map showing the progress of the expulsion of the Mongols from 



Europe by the white race, and the route of migration into 



Asiatic territory of the Europeans (after Berghaus). 

 The Black area shows the regions dominated bv the white race 



