302 



They begin broadly at the inner border of the Hght spots, 

 and become thinner as they run out towards the discocellular 

 vein. The fourth and fifth of these black stripes are the largest. 

 A similar pigmented figure belonging to spot 2 is hardly con- 

 spicuous, a fact easily explained by the small extension of the 

 fork-cell, in which this spot is situated. These accumulations 

 of spider-like black pigmented markings are also present at 

 the inner side of the remaining light spots, but they are here 

 less sharply circumscribed and do not stand out so conspicuously 

 against the darker ground-colour of the posterior wing-area. 



The spots of the marginal series are triangular in shape, 

 their rounded bases being turned towards the side of the outer 

 edge of the wing. The sides of these triangles are edged with 

 black, which colour passes imperceptibly into the dark pigmented 

 markings of the outer parts of the wing-fields. The thin, sharp 

 groove marking the course of the imaginai wing-border often 

 passes through the middle of one or more of these marginal 

 white spots. 



The spots of the outer series correspond exactly to those 

 of the inner series ; spots 8 and 9 are again united to form a 

 pair. 



Comparison of the Pupal Sheath of V. urtic^ with that 

 OF V. 10 (fig. 4). 



Each of the three above-mentioned characteristics of V. 

 urticcB is also found on the pupal case of V. to, though its general 

 aspect is rather different. Dark pigmentation is much less 

 developed, and the whole surface of the wing-sheath is far more 

 smooth, which renders the two rows of light spots almost in- 

 conspicuous. Yet it is easy to find also here both series of 

 light spots to the same number, and similarly arranged as in 

 V. urticcB. Especially those of the inner row give one the im- 

 pression of convex transparent areas of the chitinal cuticle, 

 bulging out a little over the surrounding surface. 



This aspect of the spots possibly may have a deeper meaning, 

 to which we shall presently return when we speak of the Picridœ 

 and Papilionidœ. 



Though the amount of black pigment is so considerably 



