348 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 



Very considerable lielp was received from the Department of Agriculture in 

 ?Tan-isl)urg. Tlie State Zoologist, Professor H. A. Surface, not only sent to me for 

 inspection all the crawfishes in the collection under his charge, but also submitted 

 to me material collected during the summer of 1905 by Mr. W. R. McConnell, who 

 was in charge of a survey conducted by the State Zoologist in cooperation with the 

 Commissioner of Fisheries, Mr. W. E. Meehan. To Mr. Meehan and Professor Sur- 

 ftice I am under special obligation for giving instructions to Mr. McDonnell regard- 

 ing the collecting of crawfishes, and to the latter gentleman for carrying these out 

 in the most thorough way in parts of the state not visited V)y myself 



Finally, I was granted the privilege of examining the collections of the Academy 

 of Natural Sciences in Philadelphia, where I found, aside from older specimens 

 already used by Hagen and Faxon, valuable additional material, collected by 

 Messrs. H. A. Pilsbry, E. G. Vanatta, H. W. Fowler, and B. W. Griffiths. I also 

 received specimens for examination from Oberlin College, through the late Pro- 

 fessor A. A. Wright and jNIr. R. L. Baird ; from the New York State IMuseum 

 through Mr. F. C. Paulmier; and from Dr. P. R. Uhler in Baltimore, and Pi'ofessor 

 T. D. A. Cockerell, in Boulder, Colorado. 



Last, but ncjt least, my thanks are due to the Directoi- of the Carnegie Museum, 

 Dr. W. J. Holland, who not only granted the means for carrying on my work suc- 

 cessfully, but has devoted much time to the editorial revision of the manuscript, 

 and helped me in the pi'eparation of the colored plates accompanying this memoir, 

 which were made under his direction. 



II. Historical Review of our Svstematic Knowledge of the Crawfishes 



OF Pexxsylvania. 



The first species t)f the genus OimlKinis ever described very likely came from 

 our state. Astacus bartuni of Fabricius (1798, p. 407) was sent to its author by Pro- 

 fessor B. Smith Barton, wlio lived in Philadelphia, (see Faxon, 188o«, p. 65) and 

 presumably was collected in the neighborhood of that city. 



The next record of a Pennsylvanian crawfish is given by Rafinesque (Nov., 1817), 

 Astacus limosus, from the muddy banks of the Delaware near Philadelphia. An- 

 other species mentioned Ijy Rafinesque from this state, Astacus fossor, is not recog- 

 nizable. Astacus limosvs from the Delaware River was described a month later 

 (Dec, 1817) by Say under the name of Astacas affinis. 



Harlan (1835) mentions A. haiinni from the vicinity of Philadelphia, and this 

 record makes Philadelphia the type-locality of this species. 



Girard (1852) gives the following new localities in Penn.sylvania : Cunibarus 



