OETMANN: THE CRAWFISHES OF THE STATE OF PENNSYLVANIA 487 



length of mother 71 mm., ten young; August 18, 1904, length 59 mm., ninety-two 

 young; September, 20, 1905, two cases, one 53 mm., long, with thirty-nine 3'oung, 

 and another 55 mm. l(jng, with thirty-five young ; November 8, 1905, IS mm. long, 

 witli one hundred and eleven young; November 22, 1905, two cases, one 84 mm. 

 long, with seventy-five young, and another 67 mm. long, with sixty-eight young. 



This extends the spawning season over tlie following months : February, March, 

 July, August, September to November. Since young were found in February and 

 November, these must have been in the egg-stage at least a month before they were 

 captured, and this would add .January and October. Thus we have only interrup- 

 tions in December and from April to June. The gap in December may easily be 

 filled, and be due only to the incompleteness of our investigations in winter, but 

 the gap in April, May, and June may be real. 



If tliere is any spawning-season in C. bartoni it would cover nine months of the 

 year, from July to March. This, however, is entirely different from what we have 

 seen in the river species, where the spawning season falls exactly in the months 

 where no spawning has been odserved in C. bartoni. And besides, this gap may Ije 

 partly filled in C. barUriu. for I have found very young specimens (between K.) and 

 20 mm. long; the newly hatched young are 9 to 11 mm. long) on the following 

 dates: May 16, 1905 (13 to 14 mm.); May 25, 1905 (11 mm.); June 2, 1905 (about 

 17 mm.); June 12, 1905 (14 mm.); June 17, 1905 (15 mm.); August 22, 1905 (10 

 to 1 1 mm.). 



Tlie conclusion is that very likely C. bartoni has no defined spawning-season, 

 but may spawn at any time of the year, and that accordingly the mating-season is 

 also not restricted to a particular part of the year. The latter is further sul)Stantiated 

 by the fact that males of the first form are found practically all the year round. I 

 have the following dates: March 21, 28; April 19; May 7, 9, 17. 21, 25, 27, 30; 

 June 2, 3, 6, 12, 13, 16, 23, 24; July 10, 12, 18, 26, 29; August 1, 10, 18, 22, 26; 

 September 11, 16, 20, 21, 30; October 5, 6, 10, 12, 17, 24, 31; November 8, 22; 

 December 25. The (jnly two months missing are January and February, when no 

 collecting was done. On the other hand males of the second form are also abund- 

 ant all the year round, and were found, with the exception of January and February, 

 in every month. 



Under these circumstances it is impossible to say anything about the life-cycle 

 of the single individual, since different generations cannot be traced. Hut one 

 thing should be mentioned. Tlie males of this species do not seem to attain sexual 

 maturity as early as the river-species. The smallest male of thf lii-st form ever 

 found in eastern Penihsylvania is 49 mni. long, and in western Tennsylvania 50 



